Amava oShishino lokutshaja iinqwaba zoMbane Ukukhula Okukhulu: Umgaqo-nkqubo, iTekhnoloji kunye neMarike eqhuba amathuba amatsha

Imeko yoShishino: Ukwenziwa ngcono koMgangatho noLwakhiwo

Ngokwezibalo zamva nje ezivela kwi-China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance (EVCIPA), ekupheleni kuka-2023, inani lilonke leenqwaba zokutshaja eTshayina lalidlulile.Izigidi ezi-9, apho iinqwaba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zimalunga ne-35% kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja zabucala zenza i-65%. Inani leenqwaba zokutshaja ezifakwe ngokutsha ngo-2023 lenyuke ngaphezulu kwe-65% unyaka nonyaka, nto leyo ebonisa ukukhula okuqinileyo kweshishini.

Ngokwendawo, ukwakhiwa kweziseko zokutshaja kuye kwanda kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwizixeko eziphambili ezifana neBeijing, iShanghai, iGuangzhou, kunye neShenzhen ukuya kwizixeko zenqanaba lesibini nelesithathu kwaneemarike zenqanaba lesithili. Amaphondo aphuhlileyo afana neGuangdong, iJiangsu, kunye neZhejiang akhokela ilizwe ekugubungeleni iinqwaba zokutshaja, ngelixa imimandla esembindini nasentshona nayo ikhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwazo. Ukongeza, inani leenqwaba zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza linyuke kakhulu, kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ezinamandla aphezulu (120kW nangaphezulu) zinyuka ukusuka kwi-20% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-45% ngo-2023, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo ixhala labasebenzisi kuluhlu.

Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo: Uyilo oluPhezulu lukhawulezisa ukukhula kweShishini

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini leenqwaba zokutshaja luxhaswa kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe. Ngo-2023, iOfisi Jikelele yeBhunga likaRhulumente yakhuphaIzikhokelo Zokwakha Ngokuqhubekayo Inkqubo Yeziseko Zokutshaja Ezisemgangathweni Ophezulu, ukubeka usukelo olucacileyo lokufezekisaumlinganiselo wesithuthi nenqwaba we-2:1 ngo-2025kunye nokuqinisekisa ukugutyungelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo zokutshaja kwiindawo zeenkonzo zendlela.

Oorhulumente basekhaya nabo baye basabela ngenkuthalo ngamanyathelo okuxhasa:

• eBeijingInika inkxaso-mali efikelela kwi-30% yokwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke kwaye ikhuthaza amashishini kunye namaziko ukuba abelane ngeenqwaba zabo zokutshaja zangaphakathi.
• Iphondo laseGuangdongiceba ukufaka iinqwaba ezintsha zokutshaja ezingaphezulu kwesigidi ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14, igxile ekuphuculeni uthungelwano lokutshaja ezidolophini nasemaphandleni.
• Iphondo laseSichuaniqalise iphulo elithi “Ukutshaja iiPili Eziya Emaphandleni” lokukhuthaza iziseko zophuhliso zokutshaja kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Ngaphezu koko, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe ifake iinqwaba zokutshaja kuluhlu lwayo lweeprojekthi “zeziseko zophuhliso ezintsha” eziphambili, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba utyalo-mali olupheleleyo kushishino ludlule.Iibhiliyoni ezili-120 zeeyuankwiminyaka emithathu ezayo, nto leyo eza kongeza amandla amakhulu kweli candelo.
  

  Uyilo lweTekhnoloji: Izisombululo ezikrelekrele neziluhlaza zikhokela ikamva

  1. Ubuchule kwiTekhnoloji yokutshaja ekhawulezayo kakhulu
     Iinkampani eziphambili ezifana neCATL kunye neHuawei ziye zazisaIinqwaba zokutshaja ezipholileyo kakhulu nezikhawulezayo ezingama-600kW, okuvumela "ukutshaja kwemizuzu emi-5 kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-300." Izitishi zeTesla zeV4 Supercharger nazo zibekwe kwizixeko ezininzi zaseTshayina, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja.
  2. Iimodeli eziHlanganisiweyo zokuTshaja zoGcino-lweLanga
     Iinkampani ezifana neBYD kunye neTeld zihlola izisombululo zokutshaja eziluhlaza ezidibanisa amandla elanga, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nokutshaja, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Umzekelo, isikhululo sokubonisa eShenzhen sinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngonyaka ngeetoni ezili-150.
  3. Ukutshaja okuKhawulezayo kunye neTekhnoloji ye-V2G
     Iinkqubo zolawulo lomthwalo wokutshaja ezisebenza nge-AI ziphucula ngamandla amandla okutshaja ukuthintela ukugcwala kwegridi. Abenzi beemoto ezifana ne-NIO kunye ne-XPeng bazise itekhnoloji yeVehicle-to-Grid (V2G), evumela ii-EV ukuba zibuyisele umbane kwigridi ngexesha elingengomsebenzi omkhulu, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

     Imingeni yoShishino: Imiba yeNzuzo kunye nokuQinisekiswa koMgangatho

     Nangona ithembisa, ishishini lokutshaja iipali lisajongene nemingeni emininzi:

     1. Imiba yeNzuzoNgaphandle kweemeko ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, uninzi lweepali zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zinengxaki yokusebenzisa imali engaphantsi, nto leyo eshiya abaqhubi besokola ukufumana inzuzo.
     2. Ukungabikho koMgangatho oMiselweyo: Iindlela zokutshaja ezingahambelaniyo, iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula zenza amava omsebenzisi aqhekekileyo.
     3. Uxinzelelo lweGridUkusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweenqwaba zokutshaja ezinamandla aphezulu kunokunciphisa iigridi zamandla zasekuhlaleni, nto leyo edinga ukuphuculwa kweziseko zombane.

     Ukujongana nale micimbi, iingcali zoshishino zicebisa ukuba kusetyenzisweIimodeli "zokwakha nokusebenza okudibeneyo", iindlela zokutshintsha kwamaxabiso, kunye nobuchwepheshe bezityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphucula amava omsebenzisi.

     Imbono Yekamva: Ubudlelwane Behlabathi kunye noPhuhliso Lweenkqubo Zendalo

     Iinkampani zokutshaja zaseTshayina ziyakhawuleza ukwanda kwazo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngowama-2023, iinkampani ezifana neStar Charge kunye neWanbang New Energy zibone ii-odolo zaphesheya eYurophu nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia zikhula ngaphezulu kwe-150% unyaka nonyaka. Okwangoku, iiprojekthi zenethiwekhi yokutshaja ekhawulezayo kakhulu yeHuawei Digital Power kuMbindi Mpuma zibonisa impembelelo ekhulayo yetekhnoloji yaseTshayina kwihlabathi liphela.

     Kumazwe angaphandle, ishishini leenqwaba zokutshaja liyaguquka lisuka ekubeni yindawo elula yokubonelela ngamandla ukuya kwindawo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yamandla akrelekrele. Ngokuvuthwa kwetekhnoloji efana ne-V2G kunye namandla asasazwayo, iinqwaba zokutshaja ziya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeegridi ezikrelekrele zexesha elizayo.