Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwenani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwihlabathi kuzise imfuno ekhula ngokukhawulezaizikhululo zokutshaja. Ngo-2022, intengiso iyonke yeizithuthi zamandla amatsha kwihlabathi liya kudlula i-10.5 yezigidi, ngelixa ngo-2021 kuya kuba yi-1.8 yezigidi kuphelauluntuizikhululo zokutshaja ehlabathini, uninzi lwazo ibekwe China, kunye neYurophu kunye United States kuphela akhawunti 27%. Ukwakhiwa kweukutshajaimfumbas kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Nangona ukusebenza kwentengiso e-China naseYurophu ngoJanuwari 2023 yayimbi ngenxa yempembelelo yokubuyisela imali kunye neholide yoMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo, ukuthengisa ngoFebruwari kubonise indlela ecacileyo yokubuyisela. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuvuselela ukusetyenziswa kweemoto zasekhaya kunye nokuvalwa kwe-European 2035 ekuthengisweni kweemoto zamafutha kuya kuqhubeka kubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile yokuthengiswa konyaka. I-United States inezinga eliphantsi lokungena kwaye isekwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye inokuba yeyona marike ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi. Silindele ukuba intengiso yehlabathi ifike kwi-14 yezigidi ngo-2023.Ukubizwa kwemfuno iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Amashishini avelisayoizikhululo zokutshaja, izixhobo ze-hardware ezikhuphukayo kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo aya kuzuza ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwakhiwa kweiziseko ezingundoqo zokubiza kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele sisalela emva kophuhliso lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla. Ngo-2021, ihlabathi jikeleleimfumba yezithuthi zikawonke-wonke umlinganiselo uya kuba phezulu njenge-10:1, kunye ne-68% yoluntu olukhoyoizikhululo zokutshaja ziukutshaja okucothayo, engakwaziyo ukuhlangabezana kakuhle neukubiza iimfuno zezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ukususela kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-2021, kuphela inani elincinci lamazwe afana ne-China, i-South Korea kunye ne-Netherlands aya kugcina umlinganiselo ozinzileyo wemoto-to-pile, onokuhambelana nokukhula kwempahla yemoto yombane. Inani leizikhululo zokutshaja kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu akahlangabezani nemigangatho ecetyiswayo ye-AFID, kunye neizikhululo zokutshaja eUnited States nabo baneengxaki ezifana nokungalingani kokusasazwa kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi weukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphendula kule meko, i-European Union iceba ukutyala i-euro eyi-172 yebhiliyoni ekwakhiweni kweizikhululo zokutshaja ngaphambi kwe-2030, ngelixa i-United States iye yazisa i-bill ye-IRA ukwandisa iikhredithi zerhafu kunye nokuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwendawo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweziseko zokuhlawula.
It'sa iindlela ezilungileyo zokuqalisa ishishini lokutshaja, kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kuba zezona zibalulekileyo. ISayensi yoHlaza iya kuba lukhetho oluhle. Yiza kwayefumana ulwazi oluninzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-09-2023
