Njengoko imakethi yezithuthi zombane (i-EV) isanda kwihlabathi liphela, imfuneko yeziseko zokutshaja ezisemgangathweni nezisebenzayo iba yinto ebalulekileyo ngakumbi. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ziye zamkela imigangatho eyahlukeneyo ukujongana neemfuno zazo zamandla ezithile, iimeko zomthetho, kunye nezakhono zobuchwepheshe. Eli nqaku libonelela ngohlalutyo olupheleleyo lwemigangatho ephambili yokutshaja ye-EV kulo lonke elaseMelika, eYurophu, eTshayina, eJapan, nakwinkqubo yeTesla, ichaza iinkcukacha zevolthi esemgangathweni kunye neemfuno zangoku, iziphumo zezikhululo zokutshaja, kunye namaqhinga asebenzayo ophuhliso lweziseko.
I-United States: SAE J1772 kunye ne-CCS
E-United States, imigangatho yokutshaja ye-EV esetyenziswa kakhulu yi-SAE J1772 yokutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-Combined Charging System (CCS) yokutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC. Umgangatho we-SAE J1772, owaziwa ngokuba yi-J plug, usetyenziswa kakhulu ekutshajeni kwe-AC yeNqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2. Ukutshaja kweNqanaba loku-1 kusebenza kwi-120 volts (V) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 amperes (A), okubonelela ngombane ophuma kwi-1.92 kilowatts (kW). Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 kusebenza kwi-240V ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80A, okubonelela ngombane ophuma kwi-19.2 kW.
Umgangatho weCCS uxhasa ukutshaja kweDC okukhawulezayo okunamandla aphezulu, kunye neetshaja zeDC eziqhelekileyo eMelika ezifikelela phakathi kwama-50 kW nama-350 kW kwi-200 ukuya kwi-1000 volts ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500A. Lo mgangatho uvumela ukutshaja okukhawulezayo, okwenza ukuba kuhambelane nokuhamba umgama omde kunye nezicelo zorhwebo.
Iimfuno zeZiseko zoPhuhliso:
Iindleko zokufakela: Iitshaja ze-AC (iNqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2) azibizi kakhulu ukufakela kwaye zinokudityaniswa kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo kunye neenkqubo zombane ezikhoyo.
Ukufumaneka koMbane:Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDCzifuna ukuphuculwa okukhulu kweziseko zombane, kuquka uqhagamshelo lombane olunamandla aphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa eziqinileyo ukulawula ukusasazwa kobushushu.
Ukuthobela iMithetho: Ukunamathela kwimithetho yokwakha yasekuhlaleni kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni ngokukhuselekileyo kwezikhululo zokutshaja.
IYurophu: Uhlobo 2 kunye neCCS
IYurophu isebenzisa kakhulu isixhumi sohlobo lwesibini, esaziwa ngokuba sisixhumi seMennekes, ekutshajeni i-AC kunye ne-CCS ekutshajeni i-DC. Isixhumi sohlobo lwesibini senzelwe ukutshaja i-AC yesigaba esinye kunye neyesigaba sesithathu. Ukutshaja kwesigaba esinye kusebenza kwi-230V ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32A, okubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7.4 kW. Ukutshaja kwesigaba sesithathu kunokufikelela kwi-43 kW kwi-400V kunye ne-63A.
I-CCS eYurophu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-CCS2, ixhasa zombini ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC.Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDCEYurophu ngokuqhelekileyo isukela kwi-50 kW ukuya kwi-350 kW, isebenza kwiivolthi eziphakathi kwe-200V kunye ne-1000V kwaye imisinga ifikelela kwi-500A.
Iimfuno zeZiseko zoPhuhliso:
Iindleko zokufakela: Iitshaja zohlobo lwesibini zilula kakhulu ukuzifaka kwaye ziyahambelana neenkqubo ezininzi zombane zasekhaya nezamashishini.
Ukufumaneka koMbane: Iimfuno zamandla aphezulu zeetshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso, kubandakanya imigca yombane ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu eziphambili.
Ukuthobela iMithetho: Ukuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenzisana engqongqo ye-EU kuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV.
ITshayina: Umgangatho we-GB/T
I-China isebenzisa umgangatho we-GB/T wokutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC. Umgangatho we-GB/T 20234.2 usetyenziselwa ukutshaja kwe-AC, kunye nokutshaja kwesigaba esinye okusebenza kwi-220V ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32A, okufikelela kwi-7.04 kW. Ukutshaja kwesigaba sesithathu kusebenza kwi-380V ukuya kuthi ga kwi-63A, okubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-43.8 kW.
Ukuze utshaje ngokukhawuleza i-DC,Umgangatho we-GB/T 20234.3Ixhasa amanqanaba ombane ukusuka kwi-30 kW ukuya kwi-360 kW, kunye neevolthi zokusebenza eziqala kwi-200V ukuya kwi-1000V kunye nemisinga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400A.
Iimfuno zeZiseko zoPhuhliso:
Iindleko zoFakelo: Iitshaja ze-AC ezisekelwe kumgangatho we-GB/T zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zinokudityaniswa kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke ezineziseko zombane ezikhoyo.
Ukufumaneka koMbane: Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zifuna ukuphuculwa okukhulu kweziseko zombane, kubandakanya uqhagamshelo olunamandla aphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo ukulawula ubushushu obuveliswayo ngexesha lokutshaja ngamandla aphezulu.
Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yesizwe saseTshayina kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV.
IJapan: Umgangatho we-CHAdeMO
IJapan isebenzisa kakhulu umgangatho we-CHAdeMO wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC. I-CHAdeMO ixhasa amandla avela kwi-50 kW ukuya kwi-400 kW, kunye ne-voltages yokusebenza ephakathi kwe-200V kunye ne-1000V kunye ne-currents ukuya kwi-400A. Ukutshaja kwe-AC, iJapan isebenzisa isixhumi se-Type 1 (J1772), esisebenza kwi-100V okanye kwi-200V ukutshaja kwesigaba esinye, kunye namandla avelayo ukuya kwi-6 kW.
Iimfuno zeZiseko zoPhuhliso:
Iindleko zokufakela: Iitshaja ze-AC ezisebenzisa isixhumi sohlobo 1 kulula kwaye azibizi kakhulu ukuzifaka kwiindawo zokuhlala nezentengiso.
Ukufumaneka koMbane: Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC ezisekelwe kumgangatho we-CHAdeMO zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko zombane, kuquka imigca yombane ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezintsonkothileyo.
Ukuthobela iMithetho: Ukunamathela kwimigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye nokusebenzisana kweJapan kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ngokuthembekileyo.
I-Tesla: Inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger yobunini
I-Tesla isebenzisa umgangatho wokutshaja okhethekileyo kwinethiwekhi yayo ye-Supercharger, inikezela ngokutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-DC okukhawulezayo. Ii-Tesla Superchargers zinokuhambisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250 kW, zisebenza kwi-480V ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500A. Iimoto zeTesla eYurophu zixhotyiswe ngezihlanganisi ze-CCS2, ezizivumela ukuba zisebenzise iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-CCS.
Iimfuno zeZiseko zoPhuhliso:
Iindleko zoFakelo: IiSupercharger zeTesla ziquka utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso, kuquka uqhagamshelo lombane olunamandla aphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa eziphambili zokusingatha amandla aphezulu.
Ukufumaneka koMbane: Iimfuno eziphezulu zombane zeSuperchargers zifuna ukuphuculwa kweziseko zombane ezizinikeleyo, nto leyo edla ngokufuna intsebenziswano neenkampani zeenkonzo zombane.
Ukuthobela Imithetho: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho nemigaqo yokhuseleko lwengingqi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo nokukhuselekileyo kwenethiwekhi yeTesla yeSupercharger.
Amaqhinga asebenzayo oPhuhliso lweZitishi zokuTshaja
Ucwangciso lweNdawo oluCwangcisiweyo:
Iindawo zasezidolophini: Gxila ekufakeni iitshaja ze-AC kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke ukuze ubonelele ngeendlela zokutshaja ezilula nezicothayo zokusetyenziswa imihla ngemihla.
Iindlela Ezinkulu Neendlela Ezikude: Sebenzisa ii-DC fast chargers rhoqo kwiindlela ezinkulu nakwiindlela ezikude ukuze kube lula ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kubahambi.
IiHubhu Zorhwebo: Faka iitshaja zeDC ezikhawulezayo ezinamandla aphezulu kwiindawo zorhwebo, kwiindawo zothutho, nakwiindawo zokugcina izithuthi ukuze kuxhaswe imisebenzi ye-EV yorhwebo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kukaRhulumente naBucala:
Sebenzisana noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, iinkampani zeenkonzo, kunye namashishini abucala ukuxhasa nokusasaza iziseko zokutshaja.
Khuthaza amashishini kunye nabanini bepropathi ukuba bafake iitshaja ze-EV ngokubonelela ngeekhredithi zerhafu, izibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo.
Ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nokusebenzisana:
Khuthaza ukwamkelwa kwemigangatho yokutshaja jikelele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo ze-EV kunye neenethiwekhi zokutshaja.
Sebenzisa iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano oluvulelekileyo ukuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kweenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kubaboneleli abaninzi bokutshaja ngeakhawunti enye.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweGrid kunye noLawulo lwaMandla:
Hlanganisa izitishi zokutshaja kunye netekhnoloji yegridi ekrelekrele ukulawula imfuno yamandla kunye nokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo.
Sebenzisa izisombululo zokugcina amandla, ezifana neebhetri okanye iinkqubo ze-vehicle-to-grid (V2G), ukuze ulungelelanise imfuno ephezulu kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwegrid.
Amava omsebenzisi kunye nokufikeleleka:
Qinisekisa ukuba izikhululo zokutshaja zilula ukuzisebenzisa, zinemiyalelo ecacileyo kunye neendlela zokuhlawula ezifikelelekayo.
Nika ulwazi lwexesha langempela malunga nokufumaneka kwetshaja kunye nesimo sayo ngokusebenzisa ii-apps zeselula kunye neenkqubo zokukhangela.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuphuculwa:
Misela imigaqo yolondolozo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokhuseleko lweziseko zokutshaja.
Cwangcisa ukuphuculwa rhoqo ukuze kuxhaswe amandla aphezulu kunye nophuhliso olutsha lwetekhnoloji.
Ukuqukumbela, imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokutshaja kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo igxininisa imfuneko yendlela elungiselelwe uphuhliso lweziseko ze-EV. Ngokuqonda nokujongana neemfuno ezizodwa zomgangatho ngamnye, abachaphazelekayo banokwakha ngokufanelekileyo inethiwekhi yokutshaja ebanzi nethembekileyo exhasa utshintsho lwehlabathi ukuya ekuhambeleni phambili kombane.
Qhagamshelana nathi:
Ukuze ufumane ingcebiso eyenzelwe wena kunye nemibuzo malunga nezisombululo zethu zokutshaja, nceda unxibelelane noLesley:
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Ixesha leposi: Meyi-25-2024
