Ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla eTshayina, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yeVehicle-to-Grid (V2G) kuye kwabaluleka ngakumbi ekwakheni amaqhinga esizwe amandla kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele. Itekhnoloji yeV2G iguqula izithuthi zombane zibe ziiyunithi zokugcina amandla eziphathwayo kwaye isebenzisa iipali zokutshaja ezimbini ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwisithuthi ukuya kwigridi. Ngale tekhnoloji, izithuthi zombane zinokubonelela ngombane kwigridi ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu kunye nokutshaja ngexesha lomthwalo omncinci, okunceda ukulinganisela umthwalo kwigridi.
Ngomhla wesi-4 kweyoMqungu ngo-2024, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye namanye amasebe akhuphe uxwebhu lokuqala lomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya olujolise ngokukodwa kwitekhnoloji ye-V2G – “Iimbono zoPhumezo loQinisekiso loHlanganiso kunye nokuNxibelelana kweZithuthi zaMandla amatsha kunye neeGridi zaMandla.” Ngokusekelwe kwi-“Iimbono eziSikhokelo zoKwakha iNkqubo yeZakhiwo zokuTshaja eziMgangathweni oPhezulu” eyakhutshwa yiOfisi Jikelele yeBhunga leSizwe, izimvo zokuphunyezwa azizange zicacise kuphela inkcazo yetekhnoloji yokusebenzisana kwezithuthi, kodwa zabeka neenjongo ezithile kunye namaqhinga, kwaye zaceba ukuzisebenzisa kwiYangtze River Delta, iPearl River Delta, iBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, iSichuan kunye neChongqing kunye neminye imimandla eneemeko ezivuthiweyo zokuseka iiprojekthi zokubonisa.
Ulwazi lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba kukho iipali zokutshaja ezimalunga ne-1,000 kuphela ezinemisebenzi ye-V2G kweli lizwe, kwaye okwangoku kukho iipali zokutshaja ezizizigidi ezi-3.98 kweli lizwe, ezibalelwa kwi-0.025% kuphela yenani lilonke leepali zokutshaja ezikhoyo. Ukongeza, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi yezithuthi nabo bukhulile, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kunye nophando lwale teknoloji akuqhelekanga kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, kukho indawo enkulu yokuphucula ukuthandwa kwetekhnoloji ye-V2G kwizixeko.
Njengomlingi wesizwe wesixeko esisebenzisa i-carbon ephantsi, iBeijing ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Izithuthi ezinkulu ezintsha zamandla zesixeko kunye neziseko zokutshaja zibeke isiseko sokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-V2G. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isixeko sakhe iinqwaba zokutshaja ezingaphezu kwama-280,000 kunye nezikhululo zokutshintsha iibhetri ezingama-292.
Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhuthaza nokuphumeza, itekhnoloji ye-V2G ikwajongene nemingeni emininzi, ikakhulu enxulumene nokwenzeka kokusebenza kwangempela kunye nokwakhiwa kweziseko ezihambelanayo. Bethatha iBeijing njengomzekelo, abaphandi abavela kwi-The Paper Research Institute kutshanje benze uphando malunga namashishini anxulumene namandla asezidolophini, umbane kunye nokutshaja.
Iinqwaba zokutshaja eziziindlela ezimbini zifuna iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali lokuqala
Abaphandi bafunde ukuba ukuba iteknoloji ye-V2G ithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zasezidolophini, inokunciphisa ngempumelelo ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku "yokufumana iinqwaba zokutshaja ezinzima" ezidolophini. I-China isekwinqanaba lokuqala lokusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-V2G. Njengoko umntu ophethe isikhululo samandla etshilo, ngokwethiyori, iteknoloji ye-V2G ifana nokuvumela iifowuni eziphathwayo ukuba zitshaje iibhanki zamandla, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokwenene kufuna ulawulo lwebhetri oluphambili kunye nokusebenzisana kwegridi.
Abaphandi baphande iinkampani zokutshaja iimfumba eBeijing baza bafumanisa ukuba okwangoku, uninzi lweemfumba zokutshaja eBeijing ziimfumba zokutshaja eziya kwicala elinye ezinokutshaja izithuthi kuphela. Ukukhuthaza iimfumba zokutshaja eziya kwicala elinye ezinemisebenzi ye-V2G, okwangoku sijongene nemingeni emininzi esebenzayo:
Okokuqala, izixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala, njengeBeijing, zijongene nokunqongophala komhlaba. Ukwakha izikhululo zokutshaja ezinemisebenzi ye-V2G, nokuba kukuqeshisa okanye ukuthenga umhlaba, kuthetha utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, kunzima ukufumana umhlaba owongezelelweyo okhoyo.
Okwesibini, kuya kuthatha ixesha ukutshintsha iinqwaba zokutshaja ezikhoyo. Iindleko zotyalo-mali zokwakha iinqwaba zokutshaja ziphezulu kakhulu, kuquka iindleko zezixhobo, indawo yokuqeshisa kunye neengcingo zokuqhagamshela kwigridi yombane. Olu tyalo-mali ludla ngokuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka emi-2-3 ukuze luphinde lubuyiselwe. Ukuba ukulungiswa kwakhona kusekelwe kwiinqwaba zokutshaja ezikhoyo, iinkampani zinokuswela izikhuthazo ezaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba iindleko zibuyiselwe.
Ngaphambili, iingxelo zeendaba zithi okwangoku, ukwazisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G kwizixeko kuya kujongana nemingeni emibini emikhulu: Eyokuqala yindleko ephezulu yokwakha yokuqala. Okwesibini, ukuba umbane wezithuthi zombane uqhagamshelwe kwigridi engasebenzi kakuhle, oku kunokuchaphazela uzinzo lwegridi.
Imbono yetekhnoloji inethemba kwaye inamandla amakhulu kwixesha elizayo.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-V2G kubanini beemoto? Izifundo ezifanelekileyo zibonisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla eetrem ezincinci malunga ne-6km/kWh (oko kukuthi, i-kilowatt enye yombane ngeyure ingaqhuba iikhilomitha ezi-6). Umthamo webhetri yezithuthi zombane ezincinci ngokubanzi yi-60-80kWh (ii-kilowatt-hours ezingama-60-80 zombane), kwaye imoto yombane inokutshaja malunga ne-kilowatt-hours ezingama-80 zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla esithuthi kuquka ne-air conditioning, njl. Xa kuthelekiswa nemeko efanelekileyo, umgama wokuqhuba uya kuncitshiswa.
Umntu ophethe inkampani ekhankanyiweyo yokutshaja unethemba ngetekhnoloji ye-V2G. Ubonise ukuba isithuthi esitsha samandla singagcina umbane ongama-kilowatt-hours angama-80 xa sitshajiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye singahambisa umbane ongama-kilowatt-hours angama-50 kwigridi ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukubalwa ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso ombane wokutshaja abonwe ngabaphandi kwindawo yokupaka engaphantsi komhlaba yevenkile enkulu e-East Fourth Ring Road, eBeijing, ixabiso lokutshaja ngexesha leeyure ezingezizo ezokukhawuleza yi-1.1 yuan/kWh (amaxabiso okutshaja aphantsi kwiindawo ezikufutshane), kwaye ixabiso lokutshaja ngexesha leeyure ezingxamisekileyo yi-2.1 yuan/kWh. Ukuba umnini wemoto uhlawulisa ngexesha leeyure ezingxamisekileyo yonke imihla kwaye uhambisa umbane kwigridi ngexesha leeyure ezingxamisekileyo, ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso angoku, umnini wemoto unokufumana inzuzo ubuncinane ye-50 yuan ngosuku. "Ngohlengahlengiso lwamaxabiso olunokwenzeka kwigridi yamandla, njengokuphunyezwa kwamaxabiso emarike ngexesha leeyure ezingxamisekileyo, ingeniso evela kwizithuthi ezihambisa umbane kwiinqwaba zokutshaja inokunyuka ngakumbi."
Umntu ophethe isikhululo samandla esikhankanyiweyo ubonise ukuba ngeteknoloji ye-V2G, iindleko zokulahleka kwebhetri kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa izithuthi zombane zithumela umbane kwigridi. Iingxelo ezifanelekileyo zibonisa ukuba ixabiso lebhetri ye-60kWh limalunga ne-US$7,680 (elilingana ne-RMB 55,000).
Kwiinkampani ezitshaja iimfumba, njengoko inani lezithuthi ezintsha zamandla liqhubeka lisanda, imfuno yemarike yetekhnoloji ye-V2G nayo iya kukhula. Xa izithuthi zombane zithumela umbane kwigridi ngeemfumba zokutshaja, iinkampani ezitshaja iimfumba zinokuhlawulisa "umrhumo wenkonzo yeqonga" elithile. Ukongeza, kwizixeko ezininzi eTshayina, iinkampani zityala imali kwaye ziqhuba iimfumba zokutshaja, kwaye urhulumente uya kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali efanayo.
Izixeko zasekhaya zikhuthaza kancinci kancinci usetyenziso lwe-V2G. NgoJulayi 2023, isikhululo sokuqala sokutshaja se-V2G saseZhoushan City sasetyenziswa ngokusesikweni, kwaye umyalelo wokuqala wokuthengiselana ngaphakathi kwiPhondo laseZhejiang wagqitywa ngempumelelo. Ngomhla we-9 kuJanuwari 2024, i-NIO yabhengeza ukuba iqela layo lokuqala lezikhululo zokutshaja ze-V2G ezili-10 eShanghai liqalisiwe ngokusesikweni.
UCui Dongshu, unobhala-jikelele weNational Passenger Car Market Information Joint Association, unethemba malunga namandla eteknoloji ye-V2G. Uxelele abaphandi ukuba ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yebhetri enamandla, ubomi bomjikelo webhetri bunokwandiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,000 okanye ngaphezulu, okulingana neminyaka eli-10 yokusetyenziswa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa apho izithuthi zombane zihlala zitshajwa kwaye zikhutshwa.
Abaphandi baphesheya kwezilwandle benze iziphumo ezifanayo. I-ACT yase-Australia isandula ukugqiba iprojekthi yophando lobuchwepheshe be-V2G yeminyaka emibini ebizwa ngokuba yi-“Realizing Electric Vehicles to Grid Services (REVS)”. Ibonisa ukuba ngophuhliso olukhulu lobuchwepheshe, iindleko zokutshaja ze-V2G kulindeleke ukuba zincitshiswe kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko iindleko zezixhobo zokutshaja zisihla, ixabiso lezithuthi zombane nalo liya kuhla, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Ezi ziphumo zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekulinganiseni igalelo lamandla avuselelekayo kwigridi ngexesha lamandla aphezulu.
Ifuna intsebenziswano yegridi yombane kunye nesisombululo esijolise kwimarike.
Kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha, inkqubo yezithuthi zombane ezibuyela kwigridi yombane iya kwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza ngokubanzi.
UXi Guofu, umlawuli weSebe loPhuhliso lwezoShishino le-State Grid Corporation yaseTshayina, wakha wathi ukutshaja izithuthi ezintsha zamandla kubandakanya "umthwalo ophezulu kunye namandla aphantsi". Uninzi lwabanini bezithuthi ezintsha zamandla baqhele ukutshaja phakathi kwe-19:00 kunye ne-23:00, nto leyo ehambelana nexesha eliphezulu lomthwalo wombane wezindlu. Ukuphakama okufika kwi-85%, okwandisa umthwalo wamandla ophezulu kwaye kuzisa impembelelo enkulu kwinethiwekhi yokusasaza.
Ngokwembono esebenzayo, xa izithuthi zombane zibuyisela amandla ombane kwigridi, i-transformer iyadingeka ukulungisa i-voltage ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana negridi. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokukhupha isithuthi sombane kufuneka ihambelane netekhnoloji ye-transformer yegridi yamandla. Ngokukodwa, ukudluliselwa kwamandla ukusuka kwinqwaba yokutshaja ukuya kwitram kubandakanya ukudluliselwa kwamandla ombane ukusuka kwi-voltage ephezulu ukuya kwi-voltage ephantsi, ngelixa ukudluliselwa kwamandla ukusuka kwitram ukuya kwinqwaba yokutshaja (kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuya kwigridi) kufuna ukonyuka ukusuka kwi-voltage ephantsi ukuya kwi-voltage ephezulu. Kwitekhnoloji Kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwamandla ombane kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yegridi.
Umntu ophetheyo kwisikhululo samandla esikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ubonise ukuba igridi yamandla kufuneka ilawule ngokuchanekileyo amandla kwiinkqubo zokutshaja nokukhupha itshaja kwizithuthi ezininzi zombane, nto leyo engeyongxaki yobuchwepheshe kuphela, kodwa ikwabandakanya ukulungiswa kwesicwangciso sokusebenza kwegridi.
Uthe: “Umzekelo, kwezinye iindawo, iingcingo zegridi yombane ezikhoyo azinabukhulu obaneleyo bokuxhasa inani elikhulu leenqwaba zokutshaja. Oku kufana nenkqubo yemibhobho yamanzi. Umbhobho oyintloko awunakubonelela ngamanzi aneleyo kuzo zonke iipayipi zamasebe kwaye kufuneka utshajwe kwakhona. Oku kufuna utshajwe kwakhona okuninzi. Iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha.” Nokuba iinqwaba zokutshaja zifakelwe ndaweni ithile, zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yeengxaki zomthamo wegridi.
Umsebenzi wokulungelelanisa ohambelanayo kufuneka uqhutyelwe phambili. Umzekelo, amandla eenqwaba zokutshaja ezicothayo adla ngokuba zii-kilowatts ezi-7 (7KW), ngelixa amandla ewonke ezixhobo zasekhaya kumakhaya aqhelekileyo angama-kilowatts ezi-3 (3KW). Ukuba inqwaba enye okanye ezimbini zokutshaja ziqhagamshelwe, umthwalo ungalayishwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nokuba umbane usetyenziswa ngeeyure ezingezizo ezokukhawuleza, igridi yombane inokwenziwa izinze ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani elikhulu leenqwaba zokutshaja liqhagamshelwe kwaye umbane usetyenziswa ngamaxesha aphezulu, umthamo womthwalo wegridi unokudlula.
Umntu ophethe isikhululo samandla esikhankanyiweyo uthe phantsi kwethemba lokusasazwa kwamandla, ukuthengiswa kombane kunokujongwa ukusombulula ingxaki yokukhuthaza ukutshaja nokukhupha izithuthi zamandla amatsha kwigridi yamandla kwixesha elizayo. Okwangoku, amandla ombane athengiswa ziinkampani ezivelisa amandla kwiinkampani ezivelisa amandla, ezithi emva koko ziwasasaze kubasebenzisi nakwiinkampani. Ukujikeleza kwamanqanaba amaninzi kunyusa iindleko zobonelelo lwamandla ngokubanzi. Ukuba abasebenzisi kunye neenkampani zinokuthenga umbane ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkampani ezivelisa amandla, kuya kwenza kube lula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla. "Ukuthenga ngokuthe ngqo kunokunciphisa amakhonkco aphakathi, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kombane. Kungakhuthaza neenkampani eziqokelela imali ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kubonelelo lwamandla kunye nolawulo lwegridi yamandla, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemarike yamandla kunye nokukhuthaza itekhnoloji yokunxibelelana kwezithuthi negridi."
UQin Jianze, umlawuli weZiko leNkonzo yaMandla (iZiko loLawulo lweMithwalo) leState Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., ucebise ukuba ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi kunye neenzuzo zeqonga le-Intanethi yeZithuthi, iinqwaba zokutshaja kwempahla yoluntu zinokudityaniswa neqonga le-Intanethi yeZithuthi ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kwabaqhubi bezentlalo. Yakha umda, unciphise iindleko zotyalo-mali, ufezekise intsebenziswano phakathi kwababini neqonga le-Intanethi yeZithuthi, kwaye wakhe inkqubo yeshishini ezinzileyo.
USusie
ISichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Ixesha leposi: Feb-10-2024
