Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kwemarike yezithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha be-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) kubaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwezicwangciso zelizwe zamandla kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele. Itekhnoloji ye-V2G iguqula izithuthi zombane zibe ziiyunithi zokugcina amandla eselula kwaye isebenzisa iimfumba ezimbini zokutshaja ukuze ziqonde ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwisithuthi ukuya kwigridi. Ngale teknoloji, izithuthi zombane zinokunika amandla kwigridi ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu kunye nokuhlawuliswa ngexesha lomthwalo ophantsi, ukunceda ukulungelelanisa umthwalo kwigridi.
Ngomhla we-4 kaJanuwari, i-2024, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo kunye namanye amasebe akhuphe uxwebhu lokuqala lomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya olujolise ngokukodwa kwi-V2G iteknoloji - "Iimbono zokuPhunyezwa ekomelezeni ukuDityaniswa kunye nokuSebenzisana kweZithuthi zaMandla amatsha kunye neeGridi zaMandla." Ngokusekelwe kwithuba elidlulileyo "Iimbono eziKhokelelwayo kwiSakhiwo esiPhambili sokuTyala iNkqubo yeZiseko zoMgangatho" ezikhutshwe yi-Ofisi Jikelele yeBhunga kaRhulumente, izimvo zokuphunyezwa azizange zicacise nje inkcazo ye-teknoloji ye-interactive ye-car-network, kodwa ibeka phambili iinjongo ezithile kwaye amaqhinga, kwaye acetywa ukuwasebenzisa kwiDelta yoMlambo iYangtze, iPearl River Delta, iBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, iSichuan kunye neChongqing kunye neminye imimandla. kunye neemeko ezivuthiweyo zokuseka iiprojekthi zokubonisa.
Ulwazi lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba kukho kuphela malunga ne-1,000 yokutshaja iimfumba ezinemisebenzi ye-V2G kweli lizwe, kwaye ngoku kukho i-3.98 yezigidi zeemfumba zokutshaja kweli lizwe, ezithatha kuphela i-0.025% yenani elipheleleyo leemfumba zokutshaja ezikhoyo. Ukongeza, iteknoloji ye-V2G yokusebenzisana kwezithuthi-inethiwekhi nayo ikhulile, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kunye nophando lwale teknoloji ayiqhelekanga kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngenxa yoko, kukho indawo enkulu yokuphucula ukuthandwa kweteknoloji yeV2G ezixekweni.
Njengomqhubi wesixeko esinekhabhoni ephantsi, iBeijing ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Izithuthi zesixeko ezinkulu zamandla amatsha kunye neziseko zokutshaja ziye zabeka isiseko sokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe beV2G. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isixeko sele sakhe iimfumba zokutshaja ezingaphezu kwama-280,000 kunye nezikhululo zokutshintsha iibhetri ezingama-292.
Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokukhuthaza kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo, iteknoloji ye-V2G nayo ijongene nemingeni emingeni, ngokukodwa enxulumene nokwenzeka kokusebenza kwangempela kunye nokwakhiwa kweziseko ezihambelanayo. Ukuthatha iBeijing njengesampulu, abaphandi abavela kwiZiko loPhando lwePhepha kutshanje benze uphando kumandla asezidolophini, umbane kunye nokutshaja amashishini anxulumene nemfumba.
Iimfumba zokubiza iindlela ezimbini zifuna iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali lokuqala
Abaphandi bafunde ukuba ukuba itekhnoloji ye-V2G ithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, inokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki ekhoyo “yobunzima bokufumana iimfumba zokutshaja” ezixekweni. I-China isekumanqanaba okuqala okusebenzisa itekhnoloji yeV2G. Njengoko umntu ophethe iplanti yamandla wabonisa, kwithiyori, iteknoloji ye-V2G ifana nokuvumela iifowuni eziphathwayo ukuba zihlawule iibhanki zamandla, kodwa isicelo sayo sangempela sidinga ulawulo oluphezulu lwebhetri kunye nokusebenzisana kwegridi.
Abaphandi baphanda iinkampani ezihlawulisa iimfumba eBeijing kwaye bafunda ukuba okwangoku, uninzi lweemfumba zokutshaja eBeijing ziimfumba zokutshaja ezinokuthi zibize izithuthi kuphela. Ukukhuthaza iindlela ezimbini zokutshaja iimfumba ezinemisebenzi yeV2G, ngoku sijongene nemiceli mngeni emininzi:
Okokuqala, izixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala, njengeBeijing, zijongene nokunqongophala komhlaba. Ukwakha izikhululo zokutshaja ngemisebenzi ye-V2G, nokuba uqeshisa okanye uthenge umhlaba, kuthetha utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, kunzima ukufumana umhlaba owongezelelweyo okhoyo.
Okwesibini, kuya kuthatha ixesha ukuguqula iimfumba zokutshaja ezikhoyo. Iindleko zotyalo-mali zokwakha iimfumba zokutshaja ziphezulu, kubandakanywa iindleko zezixhobo, indawo yokurenta kunye neengcingo zokuxhuma kwigridi yamandla. Olu tyalo-mali ludla ngokuthatha ubuncinci iminyaka emi-2-3 ukubuyisela. Ukuba ukubuyisela ngokutsha kusekwe kwiimfumba zokutshaja ezikhoyo, iinkampani zinokuswela inkuthazo eyaneleyo phambi kokuba iindleko zibuyiselwe.
Ngaphambili, iingxelo zeendaba zathi okwangoku, ukuthandwa kwetekhnoloji yeV2G kwizixeko kuya kujongana nemingeni emibini emikhulu: Eyokuqala yindleko ephezulu yokwakha. Okwesibini, ukuba ukunikezelwa kwamandla ezithuthi zombane kuxhunyiwe kwigridi ngaphandle komyalelo, kunokuchaphazela ukuzinza kwegridi.
Imbonakalo yetekhnoloji inethemba kwaye inamandla amakhulu kwixesha elide.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe beV2G kubanini beemoto? Uphononongo olufanelekileyo lubonisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiitram ezincinci malunga ne-6km/kWh (oko kukuthi, iyure enye ye-kilowatt yombane inokuhamba iikhilomitha ezi-6). Umthamo webhetri wezithuthi zombane ezincinci ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-60-80kWh (iiyure ezingama-60-80 zekilowatt zombane), kwaye imoto yombane inokutshaja malunga neeyure ezingama-80 zekilowatt zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ezithuthi kukwabandakanya umoya womoya, njl.
Umntu ophetheyo kule nkampani itshajayo ikhankanywe ngasentla unethemba ngeteknoloji yeV2G. Wabonisa ukuba isithuthi esitsha samandla sinokugcina i-80 kilowatt-iiyure zombane xa sichajiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye sinokuhambisa iiyure ezingama-50 zombane kwigridi rhoqo. Kubalwa ngokusekwe kumaxabiso ombane otshajayo athe abonwa ngabaphandi kwindawo yokupaka engaphantsi komhlaba kwindawo yokuthenga e-East Fourth Ring Road, eBeijing, ixabiso lokutshaja ngexesha leeyure ezingasebenziyo yi-1.1 yuan/kWh (amaxabiso okutshaja aphantsi kwiindawo zasedolophini), kwaye ixabiso lokutshaja ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo yi-2.1 yuan/kWh. Ukucinga ukuba umnini wemoto uhlawulisa ngexesha leeyure ezingekho-peak imihla ngemihla kwaye uhambisa amandla kwigridi ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo, ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso akhoyo, umnini-moto unokwenza inzuzo ubuncinane ye-yuan engama-50 ngosuku. "Ngohlengahlengiso olunokwenzeka lwexabiso ukusuka kwigridi yamandla, njengokuphunyezwa kwamaxabiso entengiso ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo, ingeniso evela kwizithuthi ezisa amandla kwiimfumba zokutshaja inokunyuka ngakumbi."
Umntu ophethe umbane okhankanywe ngasentla ubonise ukuba ngeteknoloji yeV2G, iindleko zokulahlekelwa kwebhetri kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa izithuthi zombane zithumela amandla kwigridi. Iingxelo ezifanelekileyo zibonisa ukuba ixabiso lebhetri ye-60kWh limalunga ne-US$7,680 (ilingana malunga ne-RMB 55,000).
Kwiinkampani zokutshaja iimfumba, njengoko inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha liqhubeka nokukhula, imfuno yentengiso yetekhnoloji yeV2G nayo iya kukhula. Xa izithuthi zombane zihambisa amandla kwigridi ngokusebenzisa iimfumba zokutshaja, iinkampani zeemfumba ezihlawulayo zinokubiza "intlawulo yenkonzo yeplatform". Ukongeza, kwizixeko ezininzi zaseTshayina, iinkampani zityala imali kwaye zisebenzise iimfumba zokutshaja, kwaye urhulumente uya kubonelela ngoncedo oluhambelanayo.
Izixeko zasekhaya ngokuthe ngcembe zikhuthaza usetyenziso lweV2G. NgoJulayi ka-2023, isikhululo sokuqala sokutshaja iV2G kwisiXeko saseZhoushan sasetyenziswa ngokusesikweni, kunye nomyalelo wokuqala wentengiselwano epakini kwiPhondo laseZhejiang wagqitywa ngempumelelo. NgoJanuwari 9, 2024, i-NIO yabhengeza ukuba ibhetshi yayo yokuqala yezikhululo zokutshaja ezili-10 zeV2G eShanghai yaqaliswa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza.
UCui Dongshu, unobhala-jikelele we-National Passenger Car Market Information Joint Association, unethemba malunga nokukwazi ubugcisa beV2G. Uxelele abaphandi ukuba ngokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yebhetri yamandla, ubomi bomjikelezo webhetri bunokwandiswa ukuya kumaxesha e-3,000 okanye ngaphezulu, elilingana neminyaka eyi-10 yokusetyenziswa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zezicelo apho izithuthi zombane zihlawulwa rhoqo kwaye zikhutshwe.
Abaphandi baphesheya baye benza okufanayo. UMTHETHO wase-Australia kutshanje ugqibezele iprojekthi yophando yeminyaka emibini ye-V2G ebizwa ngokuba “Ukuqonda iZithuthi zoMbane kwiiNkonzo zeGridi (REVS)”. Kubonisa ukuba ngophuhliso olukhulu lwetekhnoloji, iindleko zokutshaja kweV2G kulindeleke ukuba zincitshiswe kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwixesha elide, njengoko iindleko zokuhlawula izibonelelo zehla, ixabiso leemoto zombane liya kuhla, ngaloo ndlela linciphisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Iziphumo zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekulinganiseni igalelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo kwigridi ngexesha lamaxesha ombane aphezulu.
Ifuna intsebenziswano yegridi yamandla kunye nesisombululo esijolise kwimarike.
Kwinqanaba lobugcisa, inkqubo yezithuthi zombane ezondla ukubuyisela kwigridi yamandla iya kwandisa ubunzima bomsebenzi wonke.
U-Xi Guofu, umlawuli weSebe loPhuhliso lwezoShishino lwe-State Grid Corporation yaseChina, wakha wathi ukutshaja iimoto ezintsha zamandla kubandakanya "umthwalo omkhulu kunye namandla aphantsi". Uninzi lwabanini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha baqhele ukutshaja phakathi kwe-19:00 kunye ne-23:00, ehambelana nexesha eliphakamileyo lomthwalo wombane kwindawo yokuhlala. Ukuphakama ukuya kuma-85%, okuqinisa amandla ombane aphezulu kwaye kuzisa impembelelo enkulu kuthungelwano lokuhambisa.
Ukususela kumbono osebenzayo, xa izithuthi zombane zibuyisela amandla ombane kwigridi, i-transformer iyadingeka ukulungelelanisa i-voltage ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana negridi. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesithuthi sombane kufuneka ihambelane neteknoloji ye-transformer yegridi yamandla. Ngokukodwa, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwimfumba yokutshaja ukuya kwi-tram kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ukusuka kwi-voltage ephezulu ukuya kumbane ophantsi, ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwi-tram ukuya kwimfumba yokutshaja (kwaye ke ukuya kwigridi) kufuna ukwanda amandla ombane asezantsi ukuya kumbane ophezulu. Kwezobuchwepheshe Kunzima ngakumbi, kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwamandla ombane kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamandla ombane kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yegridi.
Umntu ophethe umbane okhankanywe ngasentla ubonise ukuba igridi yamandla kufuneka iqhube ulawulo lwamandla oluchanekileyo kwiinkqubo zokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithuthi ezininzi zombane, okungekho nje umngeni wezobuchwepheshe, kodwa kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwesicwangciso sokusebenza kwegridi. .
Wathi: “Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iindawo, iingcingo zombane ezikhoyo azityebi ngokwaneleyo ukuba zixhase inani elikhulu leemfumba zokutshaja. Oku kulingana nenkqubo yombhobho wamanzi. Umbhobho oyintloko awukwazi ukubonelela ngamanzi aneleyo kuyo yonke imibhobho yesebe kwaye kufuneka ifakwe ngokutsha. Oku kufuna ukuphinda kufakwe iiwiring ezininzi. Iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha.” Nokuba iimfumba zokutshaja zifakwe kwenye indawo, zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yemicimbi yomthamo wegridi.
Umsebenzi ohambelanayo wokulungelelanisa kufuneka uqhutyelwe phambili. Umzekelo, amandla eemfumba zokutshaja okucothayo akholisa ukuba ziikilowathi ezisi-7 (7KW), ngelixa amandla ewonke ezixhobo zasendlini kusapho oluphakathi emalunga ne-3 kilowatts (3KW). Ukuba enye okanye ezimbini iipayili zokutshaja zixhunyiwe, umthwalo unokulayishwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nangona amandla asetyenziswa kwiiyure ezinqabileyo, igridi yamandla ingenziwa iqine ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani elikhulu leemfumba zokutshaja zixhunyiwe kwaye amandla asetyenziswa ngamaxesha aphezulu, umthamo womthwalo wegridi unokugqithwa.
Umntu ophethe umbane okhankanywe ngasentla uthe phantsi kwethemba lamandla asasazwayo, ukuthengiswa kombane kunokuphononongwa ukuxazulula ingxaki yokukhuthaza ukuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwigridi yamandla kwixesha elizayo. Okwangoku, amandla ombane athengiswa ziinkampani zokuvelisa amandla kwiinkampani zegridi zamandla, ezithi zisasazeke kubasebenzisi nakumashishini. Ukujikeleza kwamanqanaba amaninzi kwandisa ixabiso lonikezelo lwamandla ngokubanzi. Ukuba abasebenzisi kunye namashishini banokuthenga umbane ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkampani ezivelisa umbane, kuya kwenza lula unikezelo lombane. “Ukuthenga ngokuthe ngqo kunokunciphisa amakhonkco aphakathi, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe iindleko zokusebenza kombane. Isenokukhuthaza iinkampani ezihlawulisa imfumba yemfumba ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kubonelelo lombane kunye nolawulo lwesixokelelwano sombane, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwemarike yamandla kunye nokukhuthazwa kothungelwano lonxibelelwano lwegridi yesithuthi. “
UQin Jianze, umlawuli weZiko leNkonzo yaMandla (iZiko loLawulo loMthwalo) we-State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., ucebise ukuba ngokuxhamla imisebenzi kunye neenzuzo ze-intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Vehicles platform, i-asethi yokutshaja i-asethi yentlalo inokudityaniswa. kwiqonga le-Intanethi yeZithuthi ukwenza lula imisebenzi yabasebenzi bezentlalo. Yakha umqobo, unciphise iindleko zotyalo-mali, ufezekise intsebenziswano ephumeleleyo kunye neqonga le-Intanethi yeZithuthi, kunye nokwakha inkqubo ezinzileyo yoshishino lwendalo.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-10-2024
