Ixesha emva kobhubhane lizise isantya esitsha semfuno ephezulu yamafutha othutho. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, amasimi okukhupha umbane ngamandla afana neenqwelo-moya kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngenqanawa acinga nge-biofuels njengenye yamafutha aphambili okususa umbane ngegesi kwishishini lothutho. Injani imeko yangoku yokuvelisa ubuchwepheshe be-biofuel? Ingakanani imfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima ukususa umbane ngegesi? Ithini indlela amazwe aphuhlileyo ajolise ngayo kwimigaqo-nkqubo?
Izinga lokukhula kwemveliso ngonyaka kufuneka likhawuleziswe
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-bioethanol kunye ne-biodiesel zisezezona biofuels zisetyenziswa kakhulu. I-Bioethanol isesesikhundleni esiphezulu kwi-biofuels zehlabathi. Ayinakusebenza nje kuphela njenge-fuel ehlaziyekayo nehlala ixesha elide yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile, kodwa ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada kunye nezinyibilikisi kwishishini leekhemikhali.
I-International Energy Agency (IEA) ikhankanye kwingxelo ethi “Amandla Avuselelekayo ka-2023” ukuba ukuba umgomo wokukhupha ungcoliseko olupheleleyo ngo-2050 uza kufezekiswa, imveliso ye-biofuel yehlabathi kufuneka inyuke ngesantya sonyaka esiphakathi se-11% ukususela ngoku ukuya ku-2030. Kulindeleke ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2030, i-oyile elahliweyo yasekhitshini, inkunkuma yokutya kunye neengca zezityalo ziya kuba yinxalenye ephezulu yezixhobo ze-biofuel, zifikelele kwi-40%.
I-IEA ithe izinga lokukhula kwangoku kwemveliso ye-biofuel alinakunceda ekufezekiseni usukelo olupheleleyo lwe-zero ngo-2050. Ukususela ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2022, izinga lokukhula konyaka kwemveliso ye-biofuel yehlabathi yi-4% kuphela ngo-2050, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwe-biofuel kumacandelo eenqwelo moya, olwandle kunye neendlela ezinkulu kuya kufuneka ufikelele kwi-33%, 19% kunye ne-3%.
I-IEA ilindele ukuba imfuno ye-biofuel yehlabathi ikhule ngeelitha ezingama-35 eebhiliyoni ngonyaka phakathi kowama-2022 nowama-2027. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwedizili ehlaziyekayo kunye ne-bio-jet fuel phantse kuvela kuqoqosho oluphuhlileyo; ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-bioethanol kunye ne-biodiesel phantse kuvela kuqoqosho oluphuhlileyo.
Phakathi kowama-2022 nowama-2027, isabelo se-biofuels kwicandelo le-fuel yezothutho lwehlabathi siza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-4.3% ukuya kwi-5.4%. Ngowama-2027, imfuno ye-fuel ye-bio-jet yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba yande iye kwiilitha ezi-3.9 zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka, amaxesha angama-37 kunangowama-2021, nto leyo ethetha phantse i-1% ye-fuel iyonke esetyenziswa kwiinqwelomoya.
Amafutha asebenzayo kakhulu ekususeni i-carbon dioxide kwiindlela zokuhamba
Kunzima kakhulu ukususa igesi ekhabhoni kwishishini lezothutho. I-IEA ikholelwa ukuba kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kweliphakathi, ii-biofuels zezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokususa igesi ekhabhoni kwezothutho. Imveliso yehlabathi ye-biofuels ezinzileyo kuya kufuneka iphindwe kathathu phakathi kwangoku nowama-2030 ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokukhupha ukukhutshwa kwegesi ekhabhoni kwiindlela zothutho ngo-2050.
Kukho imvumelwano ebanzi kushishino lokuba ii-biofuels zibonelela ngokhetho olukhuphisanayo nexabiso lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu obuphezulu kwicandelo lezothutho kwiminyaka ezayo. Enyanisweni, ukuhambelana neziseko ze-fossil fuel ezikhoyo kwenza ii-biofuels zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo lokutshintsha ii-fossil fuel kwiinqanawa ezikhoyo.
Nangona izithuthi zombane zikhula ngokukhawuleza, umsantsa wezinto ezifunekayo ekwenzeni iibhetri ezinkulu kunye nobunzima bokubeka izixhobo zokutshaja kwiindawo ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhle kusengumngeni ekusetyenzisweni kwazo ngokubanzi. Kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide, njengoko icandelo lezothutho lisiba nombane ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels kuya kutshintshela kumacandelo anzima ukuwasebenzisa umbane, afana neenqwelomoya kunye nolwandle.
“Ii-biofuels ezingamanzi ezifana ne-bioethanol kunye ne-biodiesel zinokuthatha indawo yepetroli nedizili ngokuthe ngqo, zibonelela ngezinye iindlela ezivuthiweyo nezinokwandiswa kwimarike elawulwa zizithuthi zeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi,” utshilo uHeitor Cantarella, ingcali kwi-Agricultural Research Institute of Campinas eBrazil.
Ilizwe lam likwakhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwe-biofuels kwicandelo lezothutho. Ngowama-2023, ukusetyenziswa kwe-kerosene yeenqwelo moya zelizwe lam kuya kuba malunga neetoni ezingama-38.83 ezigidi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okungaphezulu kweetoni ezili-123 ezigidi, okumalunga ne-1% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iyonke elizweni. Kwimeko "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini", amafutha eenqwelo moya azinzileyo ngoku yeyona ndlela inokwenzeka yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwishishini leenqwelo moya.
UMo Dingge, uSihlalo kunye noNobhala weQela leSinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Co., Ltd., kutshanje uveze iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokwakha inkqubo yoshishino lwepetroli yeenqwelo moya ezinzileyo ehambelana nemeko yaseTshayina: ukukhawulezisa ukusekwa kwenkqubo enkulu nesebenzayo yokubonelela ngezinto eziluhlaza ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji ezifana neoyile elahliweyo kunye negrisi; inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa ezinzileyo yelizwe lam ezimeleyo nelawulekayo kunye nenkqubo yokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso ephuculweyo ikhuthaza uphuhliso olusempilweni loshishino lwepetroli yeenqwelo moya oluzinzileyo.
I-United States neYurophu zinika ukhetho kwimigaqo-nkqubo
Phakathi kwezoqoqosho eziphuhlileyo, i-United States ikhuthele kakhulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwe-biofuels. Kubikwa ukuba i-United States yabele i-US $9.7 yeebhiliyoni kwishishini le-biofuel ngokusebenzisa uMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwamaxabiso.
NgoFebruwari, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US kunye neSebe lezaMandla lase-US bakhuphe isibhengezo esichaza ukuba imali enikezelwayo phantsi koMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwamaxabiso iya kuba phambili ukuze yabelwe iinkampani ezineeprojekthi zobuchwepheshe be-biofuel ezinefuthe elikhulu ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa i-biofuel.
UJoseph Goffman, igosa kwi-Ofisi yoMoya neMisebe ye-EPA, uthe: “Eli nyathelo lenzelwe ukukhuthaza ubuchule kwimveliso ye-biofuel ephucukileyo.” UJeff Marootian, usekela-sekela-nobhala oyintloko wokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kunye namandla avuselelekayo kwiSebe lezaMandla lase-US, uthe: “Utyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe be-biofuel, ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yepetroli yeenqwelo-moya ezinzileyo kunye nezinye ii-biofuel ezisebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi.”
Amanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU akholelwa ukuba ii-biofuels kufuneka zifakwe kwisakhelo se-EU se-carbon-neutral fuel ukuqinisekisa ukuba eli shishini liyakwazi ukutsala utyalo-mali.
INkundla yabaHloli-zincwadi yaseYurophu ithi i-EU ayinalo icebo lexesha elide le-biofuels, nto leyo enokuphazamisa iinjongo zokukhupha i-carbonization kwezothutho lommandla. Enyanisweni, ukuma kwe-EU kwi-biofuels kuye kwatshintshatshintsha. Ngaphambili yayijolise ekwandiseni umlinganiselo we-biofuels ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla othutho lwendlela ukuya kwi-10% ngo-2020, kodwa emva koko yawushiya lo mgomo. Okwangoku, i-EU iyaqonda ukuba i-biofuels inamandla amakhulu kwiinqwelomoya, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye iphinda ifumane ukuzithemba kuphuhliso.
UNikolaos Milionis, igosa leNkundla yabaHloli baseYurophu, uvumile ukuba isakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo we-biofuel we-EU siyinkimbinkimbi kwaye sitshintshile rhoqo kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo. “Ii-biofuel zinokuba negalelo kwinjongo ye-EU yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwaye ziphucule ukhuseleko lwazo lwamandla, kodwa kusekho ukunqongophala kwezicwangciso zophuhliso ezicacileyo nezicacileyo. Ukunqongophala kwesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kwandisa iingozi zotyalo-mali kwaye kunciphise ukutsala kweshishini le-biofuel laseYurophu.”
USusie
ISichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-30-2024
