Ixesha lasemva kobhubhani lizise kwincopho entsha yemfuno yamafutha othutho. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, iindawo zokukhupha izinto ezinzima ezifana nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenqanawa zithathela ingqalelo iifuel zebhayoloji njengenye yezibaso eziphambili zokukhupha ikhabhoni kushishino lwezothutho. Ithini imeko yangoku yokwenziwa kweteknoloji ye-biofuel? Yintoni amandla okufaka isicelo kwiindawo ekunzima ukuzikhupha? Kuthini ukuziqhelanisa nomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe aphuhlileyo?
Izinga lokukhula lonyaka lemveliso kufuneka likhawuleziswe
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-bioethanol kunye ne-biodiesel isezezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-biofuels. I-Bioethanol isekweyona ndawo iphambili kwii-biofuels zehlabathi. Ayinakusebenza kuphela njengento ehlaziyekayo kunye nezinzileyo yamafutha olwelo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile, kodwa ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezikrwada kunye nezinyibilikisi kushishino lweekhemikhali.
I-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IEA) yachaza “kwingxelo yaMandla aVuselelekayo ka-2023” ukuba ukuba i-net-zero ekhutshwayo ekujoliswe kuyo ngo-2050 iza kufezekiswa, imveliso ye-biofuel yehlabathi kufuneka inyuke ngomyinge wonyaka we-11% ukusuka ngoku ukuya ku-2030. . Kulindeleke ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2030, inkunkuma ye-oyile yasekhitshini, inkunkuma yokutya kunye neendiza zezityalo zithathe umlinganiselo ophezulu wezixhobo ze-biofuel, zifikelele kuma-40%.
I-IEA yathi izinga lokukhula langoku lokuveliswa kwe-biofuel alikwazi ukunceda ukufezekisa injongo ye-zero kwi-2050. Ukususela kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-2022, izinga lokukhula lonyaka kwimveliso ye-biofuel yehlabathi kuphela yi-4%. Ngo-2050, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwe-biofuel kumacandelo eenqwelomoya, elwandle noohola bendlela kuya kufuneka ukuba ufikelele kuma-33%, 19% kunye ne-3%.
I-IEA ilindele ukuba imfuno ye-biofuel yehlabathi jikelele ikhule nge-35 yeebhiliyoni zeelitha ngonyaka phakathi kwe-2022 kunye ne-2027. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-diesel ehlaziyiweyo kunye ne-bio-jet fuel phantse ngokupheleleyo kuqoqosho oluphuhlisiwe; ukukhula kwe-bioethanol kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-biodiesel phantse ngokupheleleyo kuqoqosho olusakhulayo.
Phakathi kowama-2022 kunye no-2027, isabelo se-biofuels kwicandelo lezothutho lwezothutho lwehlabathi siza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-4.3% ukuya kwi-5.4%. Ngo-2027, imfuno yamafutha ejethi yebhayoloji yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba yande ukuya kutsho kwi-3.9 yeebhiliyoni zeelitha ngonyaka, ngokuphindwe ngama-37 kunowama-2021, ibala phantse i-1% yokusetyenziswa kwamafutha eenqwelomoya iyonke.
Awona mafutha asebenzayo okuthutha i-decarbonizing
Kunzima kakhulu ukukhupha ikhabhoni kwishishini lezothutho. I-IEA ikholelwa ekubeni kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kweliphakathi, i-biofuels yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yothutho lwe-decarbonization. Imveliso yehlabathi ye-biofuels ezinzileyo iya kufuna ukuba iphindwe kathathu phakathi ngoku kunye no-2030 ukufezekisa injongo yokukhutshwa kwe-net-zero evela kuthutho ngo-2050.
Kukho imvumelwano yoshishino olubanzi lokuba i-biofuels ibonelela ngexabiso lokukhuphisana kwenketho yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse evela kwicandelo lezothutho kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ngapha koko, ukuhambelana nesiseko se-fossil esele sikhona senza ukuba i-biofuels ibe yinto esebenzayo yokutshintsha izibaso zefosili kwiinqwelo ezikhoyo.
Nangona izithuthi zombane ziphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, i-gap yezinto ezifunekayo kwimveliso yebhetri enkulu kunye nobunzima bokubeka izibonelelo zokutshaja kwiindawo ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhle kusenokubangela imingeni ekuthathweni kwazo ngokubanzi. Kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide, njengoko icandelo lezothutho lifumana umbane ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels kuya kutshintshela kumacandelo ekunzima ukuwafaka umbane, afana neenqwelomoya nezolwandle.
"I-biofuels e-Liquid efana ne-bioethanol kunye ne-biodiesel inokutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo i-petroli kunye ne-diesel, ibonelela ngeendlela ezivuthiweyo kunye nezinokutshatyalaliswa kwimarike elawulwa ziinjini ze-injini ezivuthayo," watsho uHeitor Cantarella, ingcali kwiZiko loPhando lwezoLimo laseCampinas eBrazil.
ilizwe lam likwakhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-biofuels kwindawo yezothutho. Ngo-2023, ukusetyenziswa kwekerosene kwilizwe lam kuya kuba malunga ne-38.83 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okungaphezulu kwe-123 yezigidi zeetoni, kubalelwa malunga ne-1% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iyonke yelizwe. Kumxholo othi "ikhabhoni ephindwe kabini", isibaso senqwelomoya esizinzileyo ngoku yeyona ndlela inokwenzeka yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kushishino lwenqwelomoya.
U-Mo Dingge, uSihlalo kunye noNobhala weQela leSinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining kunye neChemical Co., Ltd., kutshanje ubeke iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokwakha inkqubo yoshishino lwamafutha eenqwelomoya oluzinzileyo oluhambelana nenyani yaseTshayina: ukukhawulezisa ukusekwa konikezelo olukhulu kunye olusebenzayo. inkqubo yezinto ezikrwada ezisekwe kwibhayoloji njengenkunkuma yeoli kunye negrisi; inkqubo yelizwe lam ezimeleyo nelawulekayo yoqinisekiso lwezatifiketi kunye nenkqubo yenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino ephuculweyo ikhuthaza uphuhliso oluphilileyo loshishino lwamafutha eenqwelomoya oluzinzileyo.
I-United States neYurophu zinika ukhetho lomgaqo-nkqubo
Phakathi kwezoqoqosho eziphuhlileyo, iUnited States izimisele ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwebiofuels. Kuxelwe ukuba iMelika yabele i-US$9.7 yebhiliyoni kwishishini le-biofuel ngoMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lentengo.
NgoFebruwari, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US kunye neSebe lezaMandla lase-US ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe isibhengezo esichaza ukuba iimali ezinikezelwe phantsi koMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ziya kubekwa phambili ukuze zinikezelwe kwiinkampani ezinempembelelo ephezulu yeeprojekthi zobuchwepheshe be-biofuel ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ze-biofuel. iteknoloji yemveliso.
UJoseph Goffman, igosa kwiOfisi ye-EPA yoMoya kunye neRadiation, wathi: "Eli nyathelo lenzelwe ukuvuselela imveliso ye-biofuel ephucukileyo." UJeff Marootian, usekela-nobhala oncedisayo oyintloko ekusebenzeni kwamandla kunye namandla avuselelekayo kwiSebe lezaMandla lase-US, uthe: "Utyalo-mali kwiiteknoloji ze-biofuel, ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yamafutha eenqwelomoya kunye nezinye i-carbon biofuels ephantsi."
Amanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU akholelwa ukuba i-biofuels kufuneka iqukwe kwi-EU ye-EU ye-carbon-neutral fuel framework ukuqinisekisa ukukwazi kweshishini ukutsala utyalo-mali.
INkundla yaseYurophu yoPhicotho-zincwadi ithi i-EU ayinalo iqhinga lexesha elide le-biofuels, elinokuthi lijongele phantsi iinjongo ze-decarbonisation zothutho lommandla. Enyanisweni, isimo se-EU malunga ne-biofuels siye saxengaxenga. Ngaphambili ibijolise ekunyuseni umyinge we-biofuels kusetyenziso lwamandla othutho ezindleleni ukuya kwi-10% ngo-2020, kodwa wayishiya le njongo. Okwangoku, i-EU iyaqonda ukuba i-biofuels inamandla amakhulu kwinqwelomoya, ukuthutha kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye iphinda ifumane ukuzithemba kuphuhliso.
U-Nikolaos Milionis, igosa leNkundla yaseYurophu yabaPhicothi-zincwadi, wavuma ukuba inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo we-EU we-biofuel inzima kwaye itshintshile rhoqo kwiminyaka eyi-20 edlulileyo. “Ii-biofuels zinokufaka isandla kwinjongo ye-EU yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwaye yongeze ukhuseleko lwamandla azo, kodwa kusekho ukunqongophala kwezicwangciso zophuhliso ezicacileyo neziqinisekileyo. Ukunqongophala kwesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya konyusa umngcipheko wotyalo-mali kwaye kunciphise umtsalane kwishishini le-biofuels laseYurophu.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-30-2024
