NguFinn Peacock – Injineli yoMbane eChartered, owayesakuba yiCSIRO, umnini we-EV, umseki weSolarQuotes.com.au
Nokuba ucinga ngokuthenga i-EV, ulinde ukuhanjiswa, okanye uqhuba i-EV, ukwazi ukuba babiza njani (kwaye njani) yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobunini.
Kule sikhokelo, ndiza kuxoxa ngamandla (kW) kunye namandla (kWh). Ukwazi umahluko kubalulekile! Abantu bayazixuba ezi zinto ngalo lonke ixesha - kwanabo basebenza ngombane abafanele ukuba bayazi ngcono.
Imoto eqhelekileyo yepetroli ifumana umgama weekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwilitha e-1 yepetroli. Imoto eqhelekileyo yombane ifumana umgama weekhilomitha ezi-6 ukusuka kwi-1 kWh yombane.
Kwimoto yepetroli, udinga iilitha ezili-10 zepetroli ukuze uhambe i-100 km. Ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu le-$1.40 ngelitha yepetroli, i-10 x $1.40 = $14 kwiikhilomitha ezili-100.
Qaphela: Ipetroli ingaphezulu kwe-$2 ngelitha ngelitha ngeli xesha lokubhala – kodwa ndiza kuqhubeka ne-$1.40 ukubonisa ukuba ii-EV zitshiphu kakhulu, nokuba umlawuli waseRashiya wayengawabaxi amaxabiso epetroli.
Kwisithuthi sombane, kufuneka umbane omalunga ne-16 kWh ukuhamba iikhilomitha ezili-100. Ukuba umthengisi wakho wombane uhlawulisa iisenti ezingama-21 nge-kWh, ixabiso liyi-16 x $0.21 = $3.36.
Iimoto zombane zibiza kancinci ukuziqhuba ukuba ucinga ngokutshaja usebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga okanye ukutshaja ngamanqanaba angekho semgangathweni ngokusekelwe kwiirhafu zexesha lokusebenzisa (ToU). Makhe sijonge amanani athile ukuze sibonise oku:
Ukuba unebhili yombane eyi-21c kunye nerhafu yokungenisa amandla elanga eyi-8c, ixabiso elipheleleyo lokutshaja imoto ngamandla elanga yi-8c. Oko kubiza nge-13c nge-kWh kunokutshaja imoto yombane kwigridi.
Iirhafu zexesha lokusebenzisa zihlawulisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo ombane ngokusekwe kwixesha losuku olifumana kwigridi.
Thelekisa amaxabiso ombane ahlukeneyo e-Aurora Energy Tasmania ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini:
Ukuba useta itshaja yakho ye-EV ukuba isebenze kuphela kule nkqubo ye-ToU kunye ne-Aurora ukusuka ngentsimbi ye-10am ukuya kweye-4pm, i-100km yomgama iya kukubiza i-16 x $0.15 = $2.40.
Ikamva lesicwangciso sombane sase-Australia kukuhlawula iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwexesha, umbane ongabizi kakhulu emini (umbane welanga omninzi) nasebusuku (uhlala unomoya omninzi kwaye ufuneka kancinci).
EMzantsi Ostreliya, uhlawuliswa iisenti eziyi-7.5 nge-kilowatt-yure nganye yosuku ngexesha lomrhumo wexesha lokusebenzisa onikezela "ngesiponji selanga."
Abanye abathengisi bakwabonelela ngeerhafu ezikhethekileyo ze-EV apho unokuhlawula ixabiso eliphantsi nge-kWh nganye ukuhlawulisa i-EV yakho ngamaxesha athile, okanye ixabiso elilinganayo lemihla ngemihla lokutshaja okungenamkhawulo.
Into yokugqibela - lumka "iirhafu zemfuno". Ezi zicwangciso zamandla zikuhlawulisa ityala lombane eliphantsi, kodwa zinokukufaka engxakini enkulu ukuba ukusetyenziswa kombane kudlula umda othile. Ukutshaja i-EV yakho ngetshaja ye-3-phase 22 kW kunokuthetha ukuba uhlawula ityala lakho lombane eliqhelekileyo ngokuphindwe kalishumi!
Itshaja ye-EV esisiseko sisixhobo esilula kakhulu. Umsebenzi wayo kukubuza imoto ukuba ingayamkela na nayiphi na itshaja, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, inike umbane ngokukhuselekileyo kwisithuthi ide ixelelwe ukuba ime.
Itshaja ye-EV ayinakuyinika amandla imoto ngokukhawuleza kunokuba imoto iyicela (nto leyo eyingozi), kodwa ukuba unobulumko, ingagqiba ekubeni inciphise isantya sokutshaja okanye ngokusekelwe kwezinye iimeko – umzekelo:
Iitshaja ze-EV zasekhaya nazo ziyi-AC. Oko kuthetha ukuba azenzanga nto ikhethekileyo. Zilawula nje ii-kilowatts ze-230V AC ezingena emotweni.
Enyanisweni, ibhokisi ye-elektroniki onokuyithenga ukuze utshaje imoto yakho ayisiyotshaja. Kuba konke ekwenzayo kukubonelela ngombane we-AC olawulwayo. Ngokwenyani, itshaja yokwenyani isemotweni, iguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC kwaye inyamekela yonke eminye imisebenzi yokutshaja.
Le tshaja ye-EV ekwibhodi inomda wamandla aqinileyo kuguqulelo lwayo lwe-AC-DC. Ii-kilowatts ezili-11 ngumda kwiimoto ezininzi zombane - ezifana neTesla Model 3 kunye neMini Cooper SE.
Ukuvuma kweNerd: Ndifanele ndibize isixhobo osifaka emotweni yakho ngokuthi yi-EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). Kodwa oko kuya kubadida abantu abaninzi abaqhelekileyo, ngoko ke emngciphekweni wokufumana i-imeyile enomsindo evela kwinjineli ethathe umhlala-phantsi, ndibiza ezi zixhobo ngokuthi “ziitshaja.”
Iitshaja ze-EV zikawonke-wonke ezizinikeleyo zizitshaja ezongeza amandla e-DC ngqo kwibhetri. Azithintelwa yitshaja yemoto kuba aziyisebenzisi.
Ukuba imoto yakho iyakwazi ukuyilawula, la madoda mabi angatshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350 kW ye-DC. Qaphela ukuba kufuneka ehlise isantya kakhulu xa ibhetri yakho ifikelela malunga ne-70%. Nangona kunjalo, banokongeza iikhilomitha ezingama-350 zomgama kwimizuzu eli-10 kuphela.
Eli shishini lisebenzise amagama achaza ukutshaja okucothayo, okuphakathi nokukhawulezayo. Okungathandekiyo, kubizwa ngokuba kukutshaja kweNqanaba loku-1, iNqanaba lesi-2, kunye neNqanaba lesi-3.
Itshaja yenqanaba loku-1 yintambo kunye nesitena sombane esiqhagamshelwa kwindawo yombane eqhelekileyo. Zitshaja kwi-1.8 ukuya kwi-2.4 kW ukusuka kwisokethi eqhelekileyo yasekhaya.
Icebiso elilungileyo: Ukuba umenzi weemoto zakho akanaso isixhobo sokunxibelelanisa esiphathwayo emotweni yakho, qiniseka ukuba uyasithenga uze usigcine ebhuthini – singakongela usuku lonke ibhekoni nokuba awuzange uyisebenzise ekhaya.
Ukubonisa ukuba ithetha ukuthini isantya sokutshaja seNqanaba loku-1 se-1.8 kW – siya kongeza i-1.8 kWh ngeyure kwibhetri yemoto yakho.
I-1 kWh yamandla kwibhetri ye-EV ilingana nomgama weekhilomitha ezi-6. Ke ngoko, itshaja yenqanaba loku-1 inokubonelela ngomgama weekhilomitha ezili-10 ngeyure. Ukuba utshaja imoto ubusuku bonke (malunga neeyure ezi-8), uya kongeza malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80.
Kodwa inqanaba loku-1 lingatshaja ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kumenzi, isixhobo sakho sinokuba neeplagi ezitshintshanayo.
Zonke iitshaja ze-EV eziphathwayo ziza neeplagi eziqhelekileyo ze-10A, njengazo zonke ezinye izixhobo zasekhaya lakho, kodwa ezinye ziza neeplagi ze-15A ezitshintshanayo. Oku kuneprong ebanzi yomhlaba kwaye kufuna isokhethi ekhethekileyo enokuphatha iingcingo ezijiyileyo kwi-15A. Ukuba unekharavani, mhlawumbi uqhelene nazo.
Ezinye iitshaja eziphathwayo zine "tail" ye-15A. Ezi zii-tail ends ze-10A kunye ne-15A eziza netshaja yeselula yeTesla eOstreliya.
Ukuba itshaja yakho ephathekayo ine-15A ekugqibeleni kwaye ufuna ukuyitshaja ekhaya, kuya kufuneka ube ne-15A outlet kwindawo yokupaka iimoto zakho. Lindela ukuhlawula malunga ne-$500 ngolu fakelo.
Inyani yeNerd: Ukuba i-voltage yegridi yakho yendawo iphezulu (kufanele ibe yi-230V, kodwa ngesiqhelo yi-240V+), uza kufumana amandla angakumbi kuba amandla = i-voltage yangoku x.
Inyaniso yebhonasi: Ngokuxhomekeke kumenzi, iitshaja eziphathwayo zihlala zilinganiselwe kwi-80% yamandla azo alinganiselweyo. Ngoko ke itshaja ye-10A inokusebenza kuphela kwi-8A, kwaye isixhobo se-15A sinokusebenza kuphela kwi-12A. Xa idibene nokuguquguquka kwe-grid voltage, oko kuthetha ukuba andinakukwazi ukubonelela ngesantya sokutshaja se-EV esichanekileyo kwisixhumi esiphathwayo.
Inyaniso yeTesla Nerd: Iitshaja zeTesla eziphathwayo ezingeniswe emva kukaNovemba 2021 zinokutshaja kwi-10A epheleleyo okanye i-15A, kuxhomekeke kumsila osetyenzisiweyo.
Icebiso lobuchule: Ukuba uneTesla yakutshanje kwaye unethamsanqa lokuba ne-outlet enamanqanaba amathathu egaraji, ungathenga umsila wesithathu onokutshaja kwi-4.8 ukuya kwi-7kW (20 ukuya kwi-32A) usebenzisa isixhumi esiphathwayo.
Isantya sokutshaja: Umgama omalunga ne-40 km/h (isigaba esinye) okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130 km/h (isigaba sesithathu)
Ukutshaja kwenqanaba lesi-2 kufuna itshaja yodonga ezinikeleyo enentambo yayo ezinikeleyo ebuyela kumtya wakho wamandla.
Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zibiza i-$900 ukuya kwi-$2500 kwizixhobo zekhompyutha kwaye zibiza malunga ne-$500 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$1000 ukuzifaka. Eli xabiso likwathetha ukuba i-power strip yakho kunye nee-mains zinokuthwala umthwalo owongezelelweyo. Ukuba azikwazi, ukuphucula umbane wakho kunokubiza amawaka eedola.
Itshaja yenqanaba lesi-2 yesigaba esinye se-7 kW inokongeza malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ngeyure yomgama. Ukuba imoto yakho iyakwazi ukuyilawula, itshaja ye-EV yesigaba esi-3 ye-22 kW EV iya kongeza malunga neekhilomitha ezili-130 ngeyure yomgama.
Inyaniso Yengqondo: Nangona iitshaja zesigaba sesithathu, ezikumgangatho wesibini zinokukhupha amandla afikelela kwi-22 kW, iimoto ezininzi azikwazi ukuguqula amandla e-AC ngokukhawuleza. Jonga iinkcukacha zemoto yakho ukuze ubone izinga layo eliphezulu lokutshaja kwe-AC.
Le tshaja inamandla eDC ngokupheleleyo kwaye inombane ophuma kwi-50 kW ukuya kwi-350 kW. Zibiza ngaphezulu kwe-$100,000 ukuyifaka kwaye zifuna umthombo omkhulu wamandla, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ufake enye ekhayeni lakho.
Inethiwekhi yeTesla yeSupercharger yeyona mzekelo udumileyo wetshaja yeLevel 3. Eyona supercharger ixhaphakileyo ye-“V2″ inombane ophezulu we-120 kW kunye nomgama wokuhamba ngenqanawa weekhilomitha ezili-180 kwimizuzu eli-15.
Inethiwekhi yezikhululo zeSupercharger zeTesla zinika ithuba lokukhuphisana ngaphezu kwabanye abavelisi be-EV ngenxa yendawo ezikuyo kwiindlela zokuhamba ezidumileyo, ukuthembeka/ixesha lokusebenza, kunye nomthamo omkhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko izithuthi zombane zisanda, kulindeleke ukuba ezinye iinethiwekhi ezikhuphisanayo zivele kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye ziphucule ukuthembeka kwazo.
Inyaniso yeTesla Nerd: Ii-“V2″ Tesla Superchargers” zase-Australia ezibomvu nezimhlophe zitshaja ngokukhawuleza nge-DC, zihlala zitshaja kwi-40-100 kW, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zingaphi ezinye iimoto ezizisebenzisayo ngaxeshanye. Ii-“V3′ superchargers” ezimbalwa eziphuculweyo e-Australia zinokutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250 kW.
Icebiso lobuchule: Lumka iitshaja ze-AC ezicothayo xa uhamba ngemoto. Ezinye iitshaja ezisecaleni kwendlela ziintlobo ze-AC ezicothayo ezinokutshaja ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-22 kW kuphela. Ezi zinokugcwalisa kancinci xa upaka, kodwa azikhawulezi ngokwaneleyo ukutshaja ngokulula xa uhamba.
Zonke izithuthi zombane ezithengiswa eOstreliya ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2020 zixhotyiswe ngesokhethi yokutshaja ye-AC ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Type 2′ (okanye ngamanye amaxesha 'Mennekes').
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-02-2022
