Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokubiza i-EV?

Ukuqonda Iindleko zokuTshaja ze-EV

Phambi kokuba singene kwezona ndlela zinexabiso eliphantsi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphembelela iindleko zokutshaja ze-EV:

1. Amaxabiso ombane (ayohluka ngendawo kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa)
2. Isantya sokutshaja (iNqanaba loku-1, iNqanaba lesi-2, okanye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC)
3. Indawo yokutshaja (ikhaya, indawo yokusebenza, okanye izikhululo zikawonke-wonke)
4. Umthamo webhetri ye-EV (ilinganiswa nge-kWh)
5. Ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo (amanye amandla ayalahleka ngexesha lokutshaja)

ISebe lezaMandla lase-US liqikelela ukuba ixabiso eliphakathi lokubiza i-EV limalunga ne-$0.15 nge-kWh nganye, nto leyo eguqulela malunga ne-$0.04 ngemayile nganye ye-EV eqhelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zepetroli ezixabisa i-0.15 yeedola ngemayile nganye, ii-EVs sele zibonelela ngolondolozo olukhulu. Kodwa sinokwenza nangakumbi.

Iindlela zokuTshaja ezixabisa kakhulu ze-EV ezibekwe ngokwendawo

1. Ukutshaja kwiKhaya ngeeReyithi zoMbane ongeNcochoyi

Eyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi yokuhlawulisa i-EV yakho kusekhaya ngexesha leeyure ezingasebenziyo ukuba usetyenziso lwakho lubonelela ngamaxabiso exesha lokusebenzisa (TOU). Nasi isizathu:

• Amazinga asezantsi ombane: Izinto ezininzi eziluncedo zihlawulisa kakhulu amandla asetyenziswe ngobusuku obunye (kaninzi ngama-50-70% ngaphantsi kweqondo eliphezulu)
• Akukho luphawulo: Ngokungafaniyo neetshaja zikawonke-wonke, uhlawula iindleko zombane ngaphandle kweentlawulo zenkonzo
• Uncedo: Vusela isithuthi esigcwele intlawulo rhoqo kusasa

Iseta njani le nto:

• Faka iNqanaba lesi-2 letshaja ye-EV yasekhaya (240V)
• Bhalisa kwisicwangciso sakho sexabiso le-TOU
• Cwangcisa i-EV yakho okanye itshaja ukuba isebenze kuphela ngeeyure ezingasebenziyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ngo-9pm-6am)

Umzekelo weendleko: ECalifornia ngePG&E's EV2-A isicwangciso somlinganiselo, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwencochoyi kubiza nje i-$0.25/kWh xa kuthelekiswa ne-$0.45/kWh ngamaxesha aphakamileyo. Ngebhetri engama-60kWh, lugcino lwe-$12 ngentlawulo epheleleyo.

2. Ukutshaja simahla kwindawo yokusebenzela

Abaqeshi abaninzi bafaka izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV njengenzuzo yabasebenzi. Ezi zihlala zi:

• Ngokupheleleyo simahla ukusetyenziswa
• Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 ezinokusihlawulisa ngokupheleleyo isithuthi sakho ngeeyure zomsebenzi
• Ifumaneka kumntu ofike kuqala, ofike kuqala

Ukuba indawo osebenzela kuyo ibonelela ngale perk, inokuphelisa iindleko zokutshaja ekhaya ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye iinkampani zide zifakele iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC kubasebenzi.

3. Izikhululo zokuTshaja eziSimahla zoLuntu

Ngelixa iya ixhaphake kakhulu, kusekho iindawo ezininzi ezibonelela ngentlawulo ye-EV yasimahla:

• Amaziko okuthenga kunye nodederhu lweevenkile (ukutsala abathengi)
• Iihotele kunye neendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide (yeendwendwe)
• Ezinye iindawo zikamasipala (amathala eencwadi, iipaki, iiholo zedolophu)
• Ukuthengiswa kweemoto (kaninzi kuyo nayiphi na i-EV, kungekhona nje uphawu lwabo)

Iiwebhusayithi ezinjengePlugShare zinokukunceda ukuba ufumane izikhululo zokutshaja simahla kwindawo yakho. Ukurhweba kukuba ezi zidla ngokuba ziitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2, okuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka ushiye imoto yakho ipakiwe iiyure ezininzi.

4. UkuTjaja iKhaya ngoMbane weSola

Ukuba unayo okanye ufake iipaneli zelanga, unokuhlawulisa i-EV yakho ngokukhululeka, amandla acocekileyo. Uqoqosho:

• Iindleko zangaphambili: Iinkqubo zelanga zifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ($15,000-$25,000)
• Ugcino lwexesha elide: Emva kwexesha lokuhlawula (ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emi-5-8), “amafutha” akho asimahla.
• Iikhredithi zerhafu ye-Federal: I-US inikezela ngekhredithi yerhafu ye-30% yofakelo lwelanga kude kube ngu-2032

Ukufumana inzuzo enkulu, bhangqa ilanga kunye nenkqubo yebhetri yasekhaya ukugcina ukuveliswa okugqithisileyo ukutshaja ubusuku bonke.

5. Izaphulelo zeNethiwekhi kawonke-wonke kunye nobulungu

Iinethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja zibonelela ngamaxabiso athotyiweyo kumalungu:

• I-Electrify America Pass +: I-$ 4 / inyanga ikufumana i-25% yamaxabiso aphantsi okuhlawula
• Ubulungu be-EVgo: $ 6.99 / ngenyanga kunciphisa amaxabiso malunga ne-20%
• Ikhaya le-ChargePoint: Olunye ubambiswano oluluncedo lubonelela ngesaphulelo sentlawulo yasekhaya

Ukuba usebenzisa le nethiwekhi rhoqo, ubulungu bunokuzihlawulela ngokukhawuleza.

6. Ukutshaja iNqanaba likarhulumente 2

Ngelixa icotha kune-DC etshaja ngokukhawuleza, izikhululo zikawonke-wonke zeNqanaba lesi-2 zihlala zitshiphu kakhulu ngekWh nganye. Uninzi lwamaxabiso afanayo namaxabiso ombane wasekhaya, ngokungafaniyo neetshaja ezikhawulezayo ezidla ngokuphatha iipremiyamu ezinkulu.

Ukuthelekisa Iindleko zokuTshaja: Uqhekeko oluneenkcukacha

Makhe sihlolisise iindleko zokutshaja ngokupheleleyo ibhetri eyi-60kWh EV (malunga noluhlu lweemayile ezingama-200-250) sisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo:

*Ithatha i-30mpg yemoto yerhasi nge-$3/gallon kunye ne-EV ifumana iimayile ezi-4/kWh*

IziCwangciso zokuTjaja eziSmart zokuGcina Okungakumbi

Ngaphandle kokukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxesha okuhlawula, la maqhinga anokunciphisa iindleko zakho:

1. Imeko yebhetri yakho: Ukufudumeza ibhetri ngelixa isaplagiwe kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja
2. Intlawulo ukuya kuma-80%: I-20% yokugqibela ihlawulisa kancinane nangaphantsi ngokufanelekileyo
3. Sebenzisa ukutshaja okucwangcisiweyo: Cwangcisa i-EV yakho ukuba ihlawule kuphela ngexesha lexabiso eliphantsi
4. Ukubeka iliso kwiinkqubo eziluncedo: Uninzi lubonelela ngeerhafu ezikhethekileyo ze-EV okanye izaphulelo zofakelo lwetshaja yasekhaya
5. Dibanisa ukutshaja kunye nemisebenzi: Sebenzisa iitshaja zikawonke-wonke zasimahla ngelixa uthengela okanye utyela

Iindleko ezifihlakeleyo zokuqwalaselwa

Ngelixa ugxile kwezona ndlela zincinci zokutshaja, ungahoyi:

• Ufakelo lwetshaja yasekhaya: $500-$2,000 yeNqanaba lesi-2 itshaja kunye nofakelo lobungcali
• Ukuhlawulisa kawonke-wonke imirhumo engasebenziyo: Iinethiwekhi ezininzi zihlawulisa iimali ukuba awuyisusi imoto yakho emva kokuba ukutshaja kugqityiwe.
• Impilo yebhetri: Ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kweDC rhoqo kunokuthoba iibhetri ngokukhawuleza, okunokubiza ixesha elide.

IiNdlela zexesha elizayo zokuTshaja kwe-EV efikelelekayo

Ubume bendawo yokutshaja kwe-EV iyaqhubeka nokuvela ngophuhliso oluninzi olunokwenza ukutshaja kungabizi kakhulu:

1. Itekhnoloji ye-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Kungekudala unokukwazi ukuthengisa amandla angaphezulu ukusuka kwi-EV yakho ukubuyisela kwigridi ngamaxesha aphezulu.
2. Ubuchwephesha bebhetri obuphuculweyo: Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kuya kunciphisa iindleko
3. Ukuhlawulisa ngakumbi emsebenzini: Njengoko ukukhulisa umntwana abe ngowakho, abaqeshi abaninzi baya kuhlawulisa simahla
4. Ukukhula kwamandla ahlaziyekayo: Amandla amaninzi elanga nawomoya aya kuzinzisa amaxabiso ombane

Ukuqukumbela: Esona sicwangciso sitshiphu sokuTshaja

Emva kokuphonononga zonke iinketho, eyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi kuninzi lwabanini be-EV yile:

1. Ukutshaja okuphambili: Ekhaya ngeeyure zokungabikho kwesantya esiphezulu ngeshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2
2. Ukutshaja okwesibini: Thatha ithuba lendawo yokusebenza yasimahla okanye intlawulo yoluntu xa ikhona
3. Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile: Ukutshaja kwe-DC ngokukhawuleza kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kuhambo olude
4. Isicwangciso sexesha elizayo: Qwalasela iiphaneli zelanga ukuba ungumnikazi wendlu yakho malunga nokutshaja simahla

Ngokudibanisa ezi ndlela, abaninzi abaqhubi be-EV babika ukuchitha nje i-$ 200-300 ngonyaka "kwi-fuel" xa kuthelekiswa ne-$ 1,500-$ 2,000 yeemoto zepetroli ezifaniswayo. Njengoko amaxabiso ombane kunye nothungelwano lokutshaja luqhubeka nokuvela, ukuhlala unolwazi malunga neenkqubo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe kuya kukunceda ugcine esona sicwangciso sincinci sokutshaja esinokwenzeka kuwo wonke amava akho obunini be-EV.

Khumbula, eyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu yokutshaja isephantsi kakhulu kunepetroli, ngoko ke nokuba uyibiza njani na, wonga imali ngelixa unciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo. Isitshixo kukufumana ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lokulula kunye neendleko ezisebenzela imikhwa yakho yokuqhuba kunye nendlela yokuphila.