Yeyiphi indlela engabizi kakhulu yokuhlawulisa imoto ye-EV?

Ukuqonda iindleko zokutshaja ii-EV

Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwiindlela ezingabizi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela iindleko zokutshaja nge-EV:

1. Amaxabiso ombane (ahluka ngokwendawo kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa)
2. Isantya sokutshaja (Inqanaba 1, Inqanaba 2, okanye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC)
3. Indawo yokutshaja (ekhaya, kwindawo yokusebenza, okanye kwizikhululo zikawonke-wonke)
4. Umthamo webhetri ye-EV (ulinganiswa nge-kWh)
5. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja (amandla athile ayalahleka ngexesha lokutshaja)

ISebe lezaMandla laseMelika liqikelela ukuba ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokuhlawulisa i-EV limalunga ne-$0.15 nge-kWh, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ixabisa malunga ne-$0.04 ngemayile kwi-EV eqhelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zepetroli ezixabisa i-$0.15 ngemayile, ii-EV sele zibonelela ngokonga okukhulu. Kodwa singenza ngcono nangakumbi.

Iindlela zokutshaja ze-EV ezingabizi kakhulu zibekwe kwinqanaba

1. Ukutshaja ekhaya ngamaxabiso ombane angekho kwisantya esiphezulu

Eyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokuhlawulisa imoto yakho ye-EV kukuba sekhaya ngexesha elingengomsebenzi omkhulu ukuba inkonzo yakho inikezela ngamaxabiso exesha lokusebenzisa (TOU). Nasi isizathu:

• Amaxabiso ombane aphantsi: Iinkonzo ezininzi zihlawulisa kancinci kakhulu umbane osetyenziswa ubusuku bonke (ngokuqhelekileyo ngama-50-70% ngaphantsi kwamaxabiso aphezulu)
• Akukho xabiso: Ngokungafaniyo neetshaja zikawonke-wonke, uhlawula iindleko zombane kuphela ngaphandle kweentlawulo zenkonzo
• Ukuzonwabisa: Vuka ujonge imoto etshajiweyo yonke imihla kusasa

Indlela yokuseta oku:

• Faka itshaja ye-EV yasekhaya yeLevel 2 (240V)
• Bhalisa kwisicwangciso sexabiso le-TOU senkampani yakho
• Lungiselela i-EV okanye itshaja yakho ukuba isebenze kuphela ngexesha elingengomsebenzi oqhelekileyo (ngesiqhelo ukusuka ngo-9pm ukuya ku-6am)

Umzekelo weendleko: ECalifornia ngesicwangciso sexabiso se-EV2-A se-PG&E, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwesantya esiphezulu kubiza i-$0.25/kWh kuphela xa kuthelekiswa ne-$0.45/kWh ngexesha lesantya esiphezulu. Kwibhetri ye-60kWh, oko kukugcina i-$12 ngesantya esipheleleyo.

2. Ukutshaja simahla kwindawo yokusebenza

Abaqeshi abaninzi bafaka izikhululo zokutshaja ii-EV njengenzuzo yabasebenzi. Ezi zihlala zi:

• Kusimahla ngokupheleleyo ukuyisebenzisa
• Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2 ezinokutshaja imoto yakho ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lomsebenzi
• Ifumaneka xa kufike umntu wokuqala okanye umntu ofike kuqala

Ukuba indawo yakho yokusebenza ineli thuba, inganciphisa ngokupheleleyo iindleko zokutshaja ikhaya lakho. Ezinye iinkampani zide zifake ii-DC fast chargers kubasebenzi.

3. Izikhululo zikawonke-wonke zokutshaja simahla

Nangona isiya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo, kusekho iindawo ezininzi ezibonelela ngokutshaja i-EV simahla:

• Iindawo zokuthenga kunye neevenkile ezinkulu (ukutsala abathengi)
• Iihotele kunye neendawo zokungcebeleka (zeendwendwe)
• Ezinye iindawo zikamasipala (iilayibrari, iipaki, iiholo zesixeko)
• Abathengisi beemoto (ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimoto ze-EV, kungekuphela nje kophawu lwabo)

Iiwebhusayithi ezifana nePlugShare zinokukunceda ufumane izikhululo zokutshaja simahla kwindawo okuyo. Ingxaki kukuba ezi zihlala zitshaja zeLevel 2, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka ushiye imoto yakho ipakwe iiyure ezininzi.

4. Ukutshaja Kwasekhaya Okusebenzisa Amandla Elanga

Ukuba unezipaneli zelanga okanye uzifakela, ungatshaja i-EV yakho ngamandla asimahla nacocekileyo.

• Iindleko zangaphambili: Iinkqubo zelanga zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu ($15,000-$25,000)
• Ukonga ixesha elide: Emva kwexesha lokuhlawula (ngesiqhelo iminyaka emi-5-8), "ipetroli" yakho isimahla.
• Iikhredithi zerhafu karhulumente: I-US inika ikhredithi yerhafu ye-30% yokufakelwa kwezibane zelanga kude kube ngu-2032

Ukuze ufumane inzuzo enkulu, dibanisa i-solar nenkqubo yebhetri yasekhaya ukuze ugcine imveliso engaphezulu yokutshaja ubusuku bonke.

5. Izaphulelo zeNethiwekhi kawonke-wonke kunye noBulungu

Iinethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja zibonelela ngamaxabiso ancitshisiweyo kumalungu:

• I-Electrify America Pass+: I-$4 ngenyanga ikunika amaxabiso okutshaja aphantsi ngama-25%
• Ubulungu be-EVgo: $6.99 ngenyanga kunciphisa amaxabiso malunga ne-20%
• I-ChargePoint Home: Amanye amahlakani eenkonzo zombane anikezela ngokuhlawuliswa kwezindlu ngesaphulelo

Ukuba usebenzisa ezi nethiwekhi rhoqo, ubulungu bunokuzihlawulela ngokukhawuleza.

6. Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 likaRhulumente

Nangona itshaja ikhawuleza kancinci kuneDC, izitishi zikawonke-wonke zeLevel 2 zihlala zibiza kancinci nge-kWh nganye. Uninzi lwazo luxabisa ngokufanayo namaxabiso ombane wasekhaya, ngokungafaniyo neetshaja ezikhawulezayo ezidla ngokuba neeprimiyamu ezinkulu.

Ukuthelekisa Iindleko Zokutshaja: Uhlalutyo Oluneenkcukacha

Makhe sihlolisise iindleko zokutshaja ngokupheleleyo ibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-60kWh EV (malunga nomgama weemayile ezingama-200-250) sisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo:

*Kucingelwa ukuba imoto yepetroli engama-30mpg ixabisa i-$3/galoni kwaye i-EV ifumana iimayile ezi-4/kWh*

Amaqhinga Okutshaja Ngobuchule Okonga Okungakumbi

Ngaphandle kokukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxesha okuhlawulisa, la maqhinga anokunciphisa iindleko zakho ngakumbi:

1. Lungiselela ibhetri yakho kwangaphambili: Ukufudumeza ibhetri ngelixa isaxhunyiwe kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja
2. Shaja ukuya kwi-80%: I-20% yokugqibela itshaja kancinci kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle
3. Sebenzisa ukutshaja okucwangcisiweyo: Cwangcisa i-EV yakho ukuba itshaje kuphela ngamaxesha angabizi kakhulu
4. Jonga iinkqubo zeenkonzo: Uninzi lubonelela ngamaxabiso akhethekileyo e-EV okanye izaphulelo zokufakelwa kwetshaja yasekhaya
5. Hlanganisa ukutshaja nemisebenzi: Sebenzisa iitshaja zikawonke-wonke zasimahla xa uthenga okanye usitya

Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Okufanele Ziqwalaselwe

Ngelixa ugxile kwiindlela zokutshaja ezingabizi kakhulu, ungalibali:

• Ukufakelwa kwetshaja yasekhaya: $500-$2,000 kwitshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2 kunye nokufakelwa kobungcali
• Iintlawulo zokutshaja esidlangalaleni: Iinethiwekhi ezininzi zihlawulisa iintlawulo ukuba awuyithuthi imoto yakho emva kokuba igqityiwe ukutshaja
• Impilo yebhetri: Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza rhoqo nge-DC kunokunciphisa iibhetri ngokukhawuleza, okunokubiza ixesha elide

Iindlela Zekamva Zokutshaja I-EV Engabizi Kakhulu

Indlela yokutshaja ii-EV iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenza ukutshaja kube nexabiso eliphantsi nangakumbi:

1. Itekhnoloji yeVehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Kungekudala unokukwazi ukuthengisa amandla angaphezulu avela kwi-EV yakho ubuyele kwigridi ngexesha elixakekileyo
2. Ubuchwepheshe bebhetri obuphuculweyo: Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi obude kuya kunciphisa iindleko
3. Ukuhlawuliswa okungakumbi emsebenzini: Njengoko ukwamkelwa komntwana kukhula, abaqeshi abaninzi baya kubonelela ngokuhlawuliswa simahla
4. Ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo: Amandla elanga nawomoya angakumbi aya kuzinzisa amaxabiso ombane

Isiphelo: Icebo Lokutshaja Elingabizi Kakhulu

Emva kokuhlola zonke iindlela, eyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kuninzi lwabanini beemoto ze-EV yile:

1. Ukutshaja okuphambili: Ekhaya ngexesha elingengomsebenzi omkhulu ngetshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2
2. Ukutshaja kwesibini: Sebenzisa ithuba lokutshaja simahla kwindawo yokusebenza okanye esidlangalaleni xa kufumaneka
3. Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile: Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kuhambo olude
4. Ucwangciso lwexesha elizayo: Cinga ngeephaneli zelanga ukuba unendlu yakho ukuze utshaje phantse simahla.

Ngokudibanisa ezi ndlela, abaqhubi abaninzi be-EV baxela ukuba bachitha i-$200-300 kuphela ngonyaka kwi-"petroli" xa kuthelekiswa ne-$1,500-$2,000 kwizithuthi zepetroli ezifanayo. Njengoko amaxabiso ombane kunye neenethiwekhi zokutshaja ziqhubeka nokutshintsha, ukuhlala unolwazi malunga neenkqubo ezintsha kunye netekhnoloji kuya kukunceda ugcine icebo lokutshaja elingabizi kakhulu kulo lonke amava akho okuba ngumnini we-EV.

Khumbula, indlela yokutshaja ebiza kakhulu isenexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunepetroli, ngoko ke nokuba utshaja njani, wonga imali ngelixa unciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana ibhalansi elungileyo yokunethezeka kunye neendleko ezilungele imikhwa yakho yokuqhuba kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.