Izithuthi zombane ngoku zixhaphakile ezindleleni zethu, kwaye iziseko zokutshaja ziyakhiwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukuze zisebenze kuzo. Kulingana nombane kwisikhululo segesi, kwaye kungekudala, ziya kuba kuyo yonke indawo.
Nangona kunjalo, iphakamisa umbuzo onomdla.Iimpompo zomoya zigalela ulwelo emingxunyeni kwaye ubukhulu becala zibekwe emgangathweni ixesha elide.Akunjalo kwihlabathi leetshaja ze-EV, ngoko ke masigrumbe kwimeko yangoku yomdlalo.
Itekhnoloji yesithuthi sombane iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza ukususela oko yaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo okanye kunjalo. Ekubeni izithuthi ezininzi zombane zisenoluhlu olulinganiselweyo, ii-automakers ziye zaphuhlisa izithuthi ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukuphucula i-practicality.Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuphuculwa kwebhetri, i-hardware yomlawuli kunye nesofthiwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaja isithuthi sombane kwesi santya kufuna umbane omninzi.Ngenxa yoko, abenzi beemoto kunye namaqela amashishini baye basebenzela ukuphuhlisa imigangatho emitsha yokutshaja ukuhambisa isantya esiphezulu kwiibhetri zemoto ngokukhawuleza.
Njengesikhokelo, indawo yokuphuma yasekhaya eqhelekileyo e-US inokuhambisa i-1.8 kW. Kuthatha iiyure ezingama-48 okanye ngaphezulu ukuhlawulisa isithuthi sombane sale mihla kwikhaya elinjalo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, izibuko zokutshaja ze-EV zanamhlanje zinokuthwala nantoni na ukusuka kwi-2 kW ukuya kwi-350 kW kwezinye iimeko, kwaye zifuna izihlanganisi ezikhethekileyo ukwenza njalo.Imigangatho eyahlukeneyo iye yavela kwiminyaka njengoko abaqhubi be-automakers bejonge ukufaka amandla amaninzi kwizithuthi ngokukhawuleza.Makhe sijonge ukhetho oluqhelekileyo namhlanje.
Umgangatho we-SAE J1772 wapapashwa ngoJuni 2001 kwaye ubizwa ngokuba yi-J Plug. I-5-pin ikhonkco isekela isigaba esisodwa se-AC ukutshaja kwi-1.44 kW xa ixhunywe kumbane oqhelekileyo wendlu, onokunyuswa kwi-19.2 kW xa ifakwe kwi-high-speed yombane yombane we-speed-pin isekela i-AC yokutshaja i-single-transports ye-AC kwi-single-powering signaling AC, i-single wire i-transfers idibanisa i-AC. kwezinye iingcingo ezimbini, kwaye eyesihlanu lunxibelelwano olukhuselayo lomhlaba.
Emva kwe-2006, i-Plug ye-J yaba yimfuneko kuzo zonke iimoto zombane ezithengiswa eCalifornia kwaye zakhawuleza zaduma e-US naseJapan, ngokungena kwezinye iimarike zehlabathi.
Uhlobo lwe-2 isidibanisi, esaziwayo ngumdali walo, umenzi waseJamani uMennekes, waqala ukucetywa ngo-2009 njengokutshintshwa kwe-SAE J1772 ye-EU ye-EU. Inqaku layo eliphambili liyi-7-pin yokudibanisa idizayini engakwazi ukuthwala i-AC yesigaba esisodwa okanye ezintathu, evumela ukuba ihlawule izithuthi ukuya kwi-43 kW. I-J1772, nayo inezikhonkwane ezimbini zokufakwa kwangaphambili kunye neempawu zokungeniswa emva koko.Ngoko inomhlaba okhuselayo, ongathathi hlangothi kunye nabaqhubi abathathu bezigaba ezintathu ze-AC.
Kwi-2013, i-European Union yakhetha iiplagi ze-Type 2 njengomgangatho omtsha wokutshintsha i-J1772 kunye ne-EV Plug Alliance ethobekileyo Uhlobo lwe-3A kunye ne-3C ye-AC yokutshaja izicelo.
I-CCS imele i-Combined Charging System kwaye isebenzisa "i-combo" ikhonkco ukuvumela zombini i-DC kunye ne-AC ukutshaja.Ekhutshwe ngo-Oktobha 2011, umgangatho wenzelwe ukuvumela ukuphunyezwa lula kwe-high-speed DC ukutshaja kwizithuthi ezintsha.Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokudibanisa i-DC conductors kwi-AC ekhoyo uhlobo lwe-connector.Kukho iifom ezimbini eziphambili kunye ne-Combo2 yokudibanisa i-Combo2 iifom.
I-Combo 1 ixhotyiswe nge-Type ye-1 ye-J1772 ikhonkco ye-AC kunye nabaqhubi ababini abakhulu be-DC.Ngoko ke, isithuthi esine-CCS Combo 1 ikhonkco sinokuqhagamshelwa kwi-J1772 ishaja yokutshaja kwe-AC, okanye kwi-Combo 1 ikhonkco yokutshaja kwe-DC.Olu luyilo lufanelekile kwizithuthi kwi-marketplace yase-US, apho i-J17 idibanisa i-2.
Izixhumi ze-Combo ze-2 zibandakanya i-Mennekes ikhonkco edibeneyo kubaqhubi ababini abakhulu be-DC.Kwimarike yaseYurophu, oku kuvumela iimoto ezine-Combo 2 sockets ukuba zihlawulwe kwisigaba esisodwa okanye ezintathu ze-AC nge-Type 2 connector, okanye i-DC ishaja ngokukhawuleza ngokudibanisa kwi-Combo 2 ikhonkco.
I-CCS ivumela ukutshaja kwe-AC kumgangatho we-J1772 okanye i-Mennekes sub-connector eyakhelwe kwi-design.Nangona kunjalo, xa isetyenziselwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, ivumela umbane wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-350 kW.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba itshaja ye-DC ekhawulezayo kunye ne-Combo 2 ikhonkco iphelisa uxhulumaniso lwesigaba se-AC kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwikhonkco njengoko kungadingekiyo.I-Combo 1 ikhonkco ishiya indawo, nangona ingasetyenziswanga.Zombini ziyilo zithembele kwizikhonkwane zesignali ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa yi-AC connector ukunxibelelana phakathi kwesithuthi kunye neshaja.
Njengenye yeenkampani eziphayona kwindawo yemoto yombane, uTesla uzimisele ukuyila izixhumi zayo zokutshaja ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezithuthi zayo.Oku kwaqaliswa njengenxalenye yenethiwekhi ye-Supercharger yeTesla, ejolise ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuxhasa izithuthi zenkampani ngokuncinci ukuya kwezinye iziseko.
Ngelixa inkampani ixhobisa izithuthi zayo nge-Type 2 okanye i-CCS i-connectors eYurophu, e-US, i-Tesla isebenzisa umgangatho wayo we-port yokutshaja.Inokuxhasa zombini i-AC yesigaba esisodwa kunye nesigaba sesithathu sokutshaja, kunye ne-high-speed DC ukutshaja kwizitishi zeTesla Supercharger.
Izikhululo ze-Supercharger zangaphambili zikaTesla zibonelele nge-150 kilowatts ngemoto nganye, kodwa kamva iimodeli zamandla aphantsi kwiindawo zasezidolophini zazinomda ophantsi we-kilowatts ezingama-72. Iitshaja zamva nje zenkampani zinokuhambisa ukuya kwi-250 kW yamandla kwizithuthi ezixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Umgangatho we-GB/T 20234.3 wakhutshwa yi-Standardization Administration yaseChina kwaye ugubungela izihlanganisi ezikwaziyo ukutshaja ngexesha elinye kwisigaba esinye se-AC kunye ne-DC.Incinci eyaziwayo ngaphandle kwemarike ye-EV ekhethekileyo yaseTshayina, ilinganiswe ukuba isebenze ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 volts DC kunye ne-250 amps kunye nentlawulo ngesantya ukuya kwi-250 kilowatts.
Akufaneki ulifumane eli zibuko kwisithuthi esingenziwanga e-China, eyenzelwe imarike yaseTshayina okanye amazwe anobudlelwane obusondeleyo borhwebo.
Mhlawumbi idizayini enomdla kakhulu yeli chweba yi-A + kunye ne-A- pins. Baye balinganiswe kwi-voltage ukuya kwi-30 V kunye nemisinga ukuya kwi-20 A. Bachazwa kumgangatho "njengamandla ancedisayo aphantsi kwe-low-voltage yezithuthi zombane ezibonelelwa ngeeshaja ezingaphandle kwebhodi".
Akucaci kwinguqulelo ukuba yintoni kanye umsebenzi wabo, kodwa zinokuthi zenzelwe ukunceda ukuqala imoto yombane ngebhetri efile ngokupheleleyo.Xa zombini ibhetri yokutsalwa kwe-EV kunye nebhetri ye-12V iphelile, kunokuba nzima ukuhlawula isithuthi ngenxa yokuba i-electronics yemoto ayikwazi ukuvuka kwaye inxibelelane netshaja. amandla okuqhuba i-electronics eyisiseko yemoto kunye namandla abafowunelwa ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri enkulu ye-traction ingahlawuliswa nangona isithuthi sifile ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba uyazi ngakumbi malunga nale nto, zikhululeke ukuba usazise kwizimvo.
I-CHAdeMO ngumgangatho wokudityaniswa kwe-EVs, ngokuyinhloko kwizicelo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.Inokuhambisa ukuya kwi-62.5 kW ngokusebenzisa i-connector yayo ekhethekileyo.Lo ngumgangatho wokuqala owenzelwe ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC ukutshaja izithuthi zombane (kungakhathaliseki umenzi) kwaye inezikhonkwane ze-CAN zebhasi zonxibelelwano phakathi kwesithuthi kunye neshaja.
Umgangatho wawucetywa ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi jikelele kwi-2010 kunye nenkxaso ye-automakers yaseJapan.Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho uye wabanjwa ngokwenene eJapan, kunye neYurophu enamathela kwi-Type 2 kunye ne-US esebenzisa i-J1772 kunye ne-Tesla's connectors ngokwayo.Ngexesha elithile, i-EU yaqwalasela ukunyanzelisa isigaba esipheleleyo sokuphuma kweeshaja ze-CHAdeMO, kodwa ekugqibeleni wagqiba ekubeni afune "izikhululo zokutshaja ii-2 okanye i-2 yokutshaja ubuncinane.
Ukuphuculwa kwe-backward-compatible kwabhengezwa ngoMeyi 2018, okuya kuvumela iishaja ze-CHAdeMO ukuba zinikezele ukuya kwi-400 kW yamandla, zigqithise nakwizixhumi zeCCS kwintsimi.Abaxhasi be-CHAdeMO babona isiseko sayo njengomgangatho omnye wehlabathi kunokuba ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-US kunye ne-EU CCS imigangatho.Nangona kunjalo, ayiphumelelanga ukufumana ukuthengwa kweemarike ezininzi zaseJapan.
Umgangatho we-CHAdeMo 3.0 uye waphuhliswa ukususela ngo-2018. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-ChaoJi kwaye ubonisa idizayini entsha yokudibanisa i-7-pin ephuhliswe ngokubambisana ne-China Standardization Administration.Ithemba ukunyusa izinga lokutshaja kwi-900 kW, isebenze kwi-1.5 kV, kwaye ihambise i-amps epheleleyo ye-600 ngokusebenzisa i-cables epholileyo yamanzi.
Njengoko ufunda oku, unokuxolelwa ngokucinga ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba uqhuba phi i-EV yakho entsha, kukho iqela elipheleleyo lemigangatho yokutshaja eyahlukileyo elungele ukukunika intloko. inethiwekhi yokutshaja ezinikeleyo.
Nangona kukho abantu abathile abasebenzisa itshaja engafanelekanga kwindawo engafanelekanga ngexesha elingafanelekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo banokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-adapter apho bafuna khona.Ukuqhubela phambili, ezininzi ii-EV ezintsha ziya kubambelela kuhlobo lweeshaja ezisungulwe kwimimandla yazo yokuthengisa, ukwenza ubomi bube lula kumntu wonke.
Ngoku umgangatho wokutshaja jikelele yi-USB-C
.Yonke into kufuneka ihlawulwe kusetyenziswa i-USB-C, akukho ngaphandle.Ndibona iplagi ye-100KW EV, eyiseti nje ye-1000 ye-USB C izihlanganisi ezixineneyo kwiplagi esebenza ngokunxuseneyo.Ngezinto ezifanelekileyo, unokukwazi ukugcina ubunzima obungaphantsi kwe-50 kg (110 lb) ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Ii-PHEV ezininzi kunye neenqwelo zombane zinamandla okutsala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 pounds, ngoko ungasebenzisa i-trailer ukuthwala umgca wakho we-adapters kunye nabaguquli.I-Peavey Mart nayo ithengisa i-gennys kule veki ukuba kukho ii-GVWR ezingamakhulu ambalwa.
EYurophu, ukuphononongwa kohlobo lwe-1 (i-SAE J1772) kunye ne-CHAdeMO ayihoyi ngokupheleleyo into yokuba i-Nissan LEAF kunye ne-Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, ezimbini zeemoto zombane ezithengiswa kakhulu, zixhotyiswe ngezi ziqhagamshelo.
Ezi ziqhagamshelo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye azihambi.Ngelixa udidi lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 luhambelana kwinqanaba lesignali (ukuvumela i-Diachable Type 2 kwi-Type 1 cable), i-CHAdeMO kunye ne-CCS ayikho.I-LEAF ayinayo indlela yokwenene yokutshaja kwi-CCS.
Ukuba itshaja ekhawulezayo ayisasebenzi i-CHAdeMO, ndingacinga nzulu ngokubuyela kwimoto ye-ICE kuhambo olude kunye nokugcina IQEPHA lam lisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kuphela.
Ndine-Outlander PHEV.Ndisebenzise i-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza amaxesha ambalwa, nje ukuyizama xa ndinentlawulo yentlawulo yasimahla.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingahlawulisa ibhetri ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-20, kodwa oko kufuneka kukunike uluhlu lwe-EV malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-20.
Uninzi lweetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zinezinga elithe tyaba, ngoko ke unokuhlawula phantse ali-100 ityala lakho lombane lesiqhelo leekhilomitha ezingama-20, nto leyo engaphezulu kakhulu xa uqhuba ngepetroli wedwa.
Ndiyayithanda i-Outlander yam kuba imowudi ye-EV igubungela uhambo lwam lonke, kodwa into yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC iluncedo njengengono yesithathu yendoda.
Isidibanisi se-CHAdeMO kufuneka sihlale sinjalo kuwo onke amagqabi (igqabi?), Kodwa ungazihluphi nge-Outlanders.
I-Tesla iphinda ithengise i-adapters ezivumela i-Tesla ukuba isebenzise i-J1772 (ngokuqinisekileyo) kunye ne-CHAdeMO (ngokumangalisa ngakumbi) . Ekugqibeleni bayeka i-adapter ye-CHAdeMO kwaye bazisa i-adapter ye-CCS ... kodwa kuphela kwiimoto ezithile, kwiimarike ezithile.I-adapter efunekayo ukuhlawulisa i-US Teslas kwi-CCS Uhlobo lwe-1 yeshaja ene-applarger kuphela kwi-applarger yaseKorea kuphela i-proprietary ye-Tesla isebenza kwiimoto zamva nje.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
Amandla aseMelika kunye noNissan baye bathi bayayiphelisa i-Chademo ngokuthanda i-CCS.I-Nissan Arya entsha iya kuba yi-CCS, kwaye iLeaf iza kuyeka ngokukhawuleza imveliso.
Ingcali ye-EV yaseDatshi i-Muxsan ifike ne-CCS yokongeza kwi-Nissan LEAF ukuba ithathe indawo ye-AC port.Oku kuvumela Uhlobo lwe-2 AC kunye ne-CCS2 DC ukutshaja ngelixa ligcina i-CHAdeMo port.
Ndiyazi 123, 386 kunye 356 ngaphandle kokujonga. Ewe, eneneni, ndifumene ezimbini zokugqibela zixubene, ngoko ke kufuneka ndijonge.
Ewe, nangakumbi xa ucinga ukuba inxulunyaniswe nomxholo...kodwa kuye kwafuneka ndiyicofe ngokwam kwaye ndiyaqikelela ukuba yiyo, kodwa inani alindiniki lwazi kwaphela.
I-CCS2 / Uhlobo lwe-2 isixhumi sangena e-US njengomgangatho we-J3068. Imeko yokusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kuyo yimoto enzima, njengoko amandla esigaba se-3 anikezela ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. I-J3068 ichaza i-voltage ephezulu kune-Type2, njengoko inokufikelela kwi-600V isigaba-to-phase.DC ukutshaja kufana ne-CCS2.Voltages i-Digital signals ikwazi ukudlula i-standard ye-digital kunye ne-current standards ye-Elektronikhi ye-Elektronikhi ye-2VSE ukuze i-digital signals ikwazi ukugqithisa i-digital standards kunye ne-current. misela ukuhambelana.Kumandla akhoyo we-160A, i-J3068 inokufikelela kwi-166kW yamandla e-AC.
"E-US, i-Tesla isebenzisa umgangatho wayo we-port yokutshaja. Inokuxhasa zombini i-AC yesigaba esisodwa kunye nesigaba sesithathu sokutshaja"
Sisigaba esisodwa kuphela.Iyi-plug-in ye-J1772 kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-DC okongeziweyo.
I-J1772 (i-CCS uhlobo 1) inokuxhasa ngokwenene i-DC, kodwa andizange ndibone nantoni na esebenzayo.I-protocol "yesimumu" ye-j1772 inexabiso "Imo yeDijithali efunekayo" kunye "noHlobo lwe-1 DC" ithetha i-DC kwi-L1 / L2 izikhonkwane.
Izixhumi ze-Tesla zase-US azixhasi isigaba sesithathu se-AC.Ababhali badibanisa i-US kunye ne-European connectors, le yokugqibela (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-CCS Type 2) yenza.
Kwisihloko esiyeleleneyo: Ngaba iimoto zombane zivumelekile ukuba zitshayise endleleni ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu yendlela? Ukuba kunjalo, kutheni? Kucingelwa ukuba (akunakwenzeka kwaphela) i-utopia yendalo esingqongileyo apho ngaphezu kwe-90% yazo zonke iimoto zinombane, irhafu yokugcina indlela iya kuvela phi? Ungayongeza loo nto kwiindleko zokubizwa kukawonke-wonke, kodwa abantu banokusebenzisa i-solargridi yasekhaya, okanye i-solargridi kwizindlu zelanga okanye i-solargridi. iijeneretha (akukho rhafu yendlela).
Yonke into ixhomekeke kulawulo.Ezinye iindawo zihlawulisa kuphela irhafu yamafutha.Ezinye zihlawulisa umrhumo wokubhalisa isithuthi njengentlawulo yamafutha.
Ngaxa lithile, ezinye iindlela ezi ndleko zifunyanwa ngayo ziya kufuneka zitshintshwe.Ndingathanda ukubona inkqubo enobulungisa apho imirhumo isekelwe kwi-mileage kunye nobunzima besithuthi njengoko igqiba ukuba ungakanani ukugqoka kunye nokukrazula okubeka endleleni.Irhafu yekhabhoni kwi-fuel inokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi kwibala lokudlala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2022
