Izithuthi zombane ngoku zixhaphakile ezindleleni zethu, kwaye iziseko zokutshaja ziyakhiwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukuze zisebenze kuzo. Kulingana nombane kwisikhululo segesi, kwaye kungekudala, ziya kuba kuyo yonke indawo.
Nangona kunjalo, iphakamisa umbuzo onomdla.Iimpompo zomoya zigalela ulwelo emingxunyeni kwaye ubukhulu becala zibekwe emgangathweni ixesha elide.Akunjalo kwihlabathi leetshaja ze-EV, ngoko ke masigrumbe kwimeko yangoku yomdlalo.
Ubuchwephesha besithuthi sombane buye baphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza ukususela ekubeni yaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo okanye kunjalo. Ekubeni izithuthi ezininzi zombane zisenoluhlu olulinganiselweyo, ii-automakers ziye zaphuhlisa izithuthi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yokuphucula ukusebenza.Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuphuculwa kwebhetri, umlawuli. i-hardware kunye ne-software.Ubuchwephesha bokutshaja buqhubele phambili ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba izithuthi zombane zamva nje zinokongeza amakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-20 nje.
Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaja isithuthi sombane kwesi santya kufuna umbane omninzi.Ngenxa yoko, abenzi beemoto kunye namaqela amashishini baye basebenzela ukuphuhlisa imigangatho emitsha yokutshaja ukuhambisa isantya esiphezulu kwiibhetri zemoto ngokukhawuleza.
Njengesikhokelo, indawo yokuphuma yasekhaya eqhelekileyo e-US inokuhambisa i-1.8 kW. Kuthatha iiyure ezingama-48 okanye ngaphezulu ukuhlawulisa isithuthi sombane sale mihla kwikhaya elinjalo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, izibuko zokutshaja ze-EV zanamhlanje zinokuthwala nantoni na ukusuka kwi-2 kW ukuya kwi-350 kW kwezinye iimeko, kwaye zifuna izihlanganisi ezikhethekileyo ukwenza njalo.Imigangatho eyahlukeneyo iye yavela kwiminyaka njengoko ii-automakers zijonge ukufaka amandla amaninzi kwizithuthi ngesantya esikhawulezayo. jonga olona khetho luxhaphakileyo namhlanje.
Umgangatho we-SAE J1772 wapapashwa ngoJuni 2001 kwaye uyaziwa ngokuba yi-J Plug.I-5-pin ikhonkco isekela isigaba esisodwa sokutshaja kwe-AC kwi-1.44 kW xa iqhagamshelwe kumbane oqhelekileyo wendlu, onokunyuswa ukuya kwi-19.2 kW xa ifakiwe. kwisikhululo sokushaja isithuthi sombane esihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Esi sidibanisi sihambisa amandla e-AC yesigaba esisodwa kwiintambo ezimbini, izibonakaliso kwezinye iingcingo ezimbini, kwaye okwesihlanu kunxibelelwano lomhlaba olukhuselayo.
Emva kwe-2006, i-Plug ye-J yaba yimfuneko kuzo zonke izithuthi zombane ezithengiswa eCalifornia kwaye zakhawuleza zaduma e-US naseJapan, ngokungena kwezinye iimarike zehlabathi.
Uhlobo lwe-2 isidibanisi, esaziwa ngumdali walo, umenzi waseJamani uMennekes, sacetywa okokuqala ngo-2009 njengokutshintshwa kwe-EU's SAE J1772.Isici sayo esiphambili yi-7-pin yokudibanisa idizayini enokuthi ithwale isigaba esinye okanye isigaba sesithathu. Amandla e-AC, evumela ukuba ahlawule izithuthi ukuya kwi-43 kW. Kwinkqubo, ezininzi iitshaja ze-Type 2 ziphezulu kwi-22 kW okanye ngaphantsi. Ngokufana ne-J1772, ikwanazo izikhonkwane ezimbini zokufakwa kwangaphambili kunye neempawu zokungeniswa. unomhlaba okhuselayo, ongathathi hlangothi kunye nabaqhubi abathathu bezigaba ezintathu ze-AC.
Kwi-2013, i-European Union yakhetha iiplagi ze-Type 2 njengomgangatho omtsha wokutshintsha i-J1772 kunye ne-EV Plug Alliance ethobekileyo Uhlobo lwe-3A kunye ne-3C yokudibanisa izicelo zokutshaja i-AC. kwiimoto ezininzi zeemarike zamazwe ngamazwe.
I-CCS imele i-Combined Charging System kwaye isebenzisa "i-combo" isinxibelelanisi ukuvumela ukutshaja kwe-DC kunye ne-AC.Ekhutshwe ngo-Oktobha 2011, umgangatho wenzelwe ukuvumela ukuphunyezwa okulula kokutshaja kwe-DC ngesantya esiphezulu kwizithuthi ezintsha.Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokudibanisa iperi yabaqhubi be-DC ukuya kuhlobo lwe-AC olukhoyo olukhoyo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zeCCS, i-Combo 1 ikhonkco kunye ne-Combo 2 ikhonkco.
I-Combo 1 ixhotyiswe nge-Type ye-1 ye-J1772 isixhumi se-AC kunye nabaqhubi ababini abakhulu be-DC. Ngoko ke, isithuthi esine-CCS Combo 1 ikhonkco sinokudibaniswa ne-J1772 ishaja yokutshaja kwe-AC, okanye kwi-Combo 1 ikhonkco yokutshaja i-DC ngesivinini esiphezulu. .Olu luyilo lufanelekile kwizithuthi kwimarike yase-US, apho i-J1772 i-connectors ibe yinto eqhelekileyo.
Izihlanganisi ze-Combo 2 zibandakanya i-Mennekes ikhonkco edityaniswe kwii-conductor ezimbini ezinkulu ze-DC.Kwimarike yaseYurophu, oku kuvumela iimoto ezine-Combo 2 sockets ukuba zihlawulwe kwi-single okanye ezintathu zesigaba se-AC nge-Type 2 connector, okanye i-DC itshaja ngokukhawuleza ngokudibanisa kwi-Combo. 2 isinxibelelanisi.
I-CCS ivumela ukutshaja kwe-AC kumgangatho we-J1772 okanye i-Mennekes sub-connector eyakhelwe kwi-design.Nangona kunjalo, xa isetyenziselwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, ivumela umbane wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-350 kW.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba itshaja ekhawulezayo ye-DC ene-Combo 2 isidibanisi isusa uqhagamshelo lwesigaba se-AC kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwikhonkco njengoko kungafunekiyo.I-Combo 1 isidibanisi ibashiya endaweni, nangona ingasetyenziswanga.Zombini ziyilo zithembele ngokufanayo. izikhonkwane zomqondiso ezisetyenziswa sisidibanisi AC ukunxibelelana phakathi kwesithuthi kunye netshaja.
Njengenye yeenkampani eziphayona kwindawo yemoto yombane, uTesla wazimisela ukuyila izixhumi zayo zokutshaja ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezithuthi zayo.Oku kwaqaliswa njengenxalenye yenethiwekhi yeTesla's Supercharger network, ejolise ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuxhasa. izithuthi zenkampani ngokuncinci ukuya kwezinye iziseko.
Ngelixa inkampani ixhobisa izithuthi zayo ngohlobo lwe-2 okanye i-CCS izixhumi eYurophu, e-US, i-Tesla isebenzisa umgangatho wayo wokutshaja we-port. Izikhululo zeTesla Supercharger.
Izikhululo ze-Supercharger zangaphambili zikaTesla zibonelele nge-150 kilowatts ngemoto nganye, kodwa kamva iimodeli zamandla aphantsi kwiindawo zasezidolophini zazinomda ophantsi we-kilowatts ezingama-72. Iitshaja zamva nje zenkampani zinokuhambisa ukuya kwi-250 kW yamandla kwizithuthi ezixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Umgangatho we-GB/T 20234.3 ukhutshwe yi-Standardization Administration yase-China kwaye igubungela izihlanganisi ezikwazi ukutshaja ngexesha elinye isigaba esinye se-AC kunye ne-DC.Incinci eyaziwayo ngaphandle kwemarike ye-EV ekhethekileyo yaseChina, ilinganiswe ukuba isebenze ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 volts DC kwaye 250 amps kunye nentlawulo ngesantya ukuya 250 kilowatts.
Akufaneki ulifumane eli zibuko kwisithuthi esingenziwanga e-China, eyenzelwe imarike yaseTshayina okanye amazwe anobudlelwane obusondeleyo borhwebo.
Mhlawumbi idizayini enomdla kakhulu kweli zibuko yi-A + kunye ne-A- izikhonkwane. Baye balinganiswe kwi-voltage ukuya kwi-30 V kunye nemisinga ukuya kwi-20 A. Bachazwa kumgangatho "njengamandla ancedisayo aphantsi kwe-low-voltage yezithuthi zombane ezibonelelwa ngu. iitshaja ezingaphandle kwebhodi”.
Akucaci kwinguqulelo ukuba yintoni umsebenzi wabo ochanekileyo, kodwa zinokuthi zenzelwe ukunceda ukuqala imoto yombane ngebhetri efile ngokupheleleyo.Xa zombini ibhetri ye-EV kunye ne-12V ibhetri iphelile, kunokuba nzima ukuhlawula isithuthi kuba I-elektroniki yemoto ayinakuvuka kwaye inxibelelane netshaja. Abafowunelwa nabo abanako amandla okudibanisa iyunithi yokutsala kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemoto. Ezi zikhonkwane zimbini mhlawumbi ziyilelwe ukunika amandla aneleyo okuqhuba i-elektroniki esisiseko yemoto kunye namandla abafowunelwa ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri enkulu ye-traction ingahlawuliswa nangona isithuthi sifile ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba uyazi ngakumbi malunga nale nto, zikhululeke ukuba usazise kwizimvo.
I-CHAdeMO ngumgangatho wokudityaniswa kwe-EVs, ngokukodwa kwizicelo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.Inokuhambisa ukuya kwi-62.5 kW ngokusebenzisa i-connector yayo ekhethekileyo. Lo ngumgangatho wokuqala owenzelwe ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC ukutshaja izithuthi zombane (kungakhathaliseki umenzi) kwaye inezikhonkwane zebhasi ze-CAN. kunxibelelwano phakathi kwesithuthi netshaja.
Umgangatho wawucetywayo ukuba usetyenziswe kwihlabathi jikelele kwi-2010 kunye nenkxaso ye-automakers yaseJapan.Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho ubambe kuphela eJapan, kunye neYurophu enamathele kwi-Type 2 kunye ne-US isebenzisa i-J1772 kunye ne-Tesla's connectors.Ngexesha elithile, i-EU kuqwalaselwe ukunyanzeliswa kwesigaba esipheleleyo sokuphuma kweetshaja ze-CHAdeMO, kodwa ekugqibeleni bagqibe kwelokuba bafune izikhululo zokutshaja ukuba zibe “nobuncinane” bokudityaniswa kohlobo lwesi-2 okanye iCombo 2.
Uphuculo oluhambelana nomva lwabhengezwa ngoMeyi 2018, oluya kuvumela iishaja ze-CHAdeMO ukuba zinikezele ukuya kwi-400 kW yamandla, zigqithise nakwizixhumi zeCCS kwintsimi. kunye nemigangatho ye-EU CCS.Nangona kunjalo, ayiphumelelanga ukufumana izinto ezininzi ezithengiweyo ngaphandle kwemarike yaseJapan.
Umgangatho we-CHAdeMo 3.0 uye waphuhliswa ukususela ngo-2018. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-ChaoJi kwaye ibonisa idizayini entsha ye-7-pin yokudibanisa ephuhliswe ngokubambisana ne-China Standardization Administration.Ithemba ukunyusa izinga lokutshaja kwi-900 kW, isebenze kwi-1.5 kV, kwaye ihambise ii-amps ezingama-600 ezipheleleyo ngokusetyenziswa kweentambo ezipholiswe ngamanzi.
Njengoko ufunda oku, unokuxolelwa ngokucinga ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba uqhuba phi i-EV yakho entsha, kukho iqela elipheleleyo lemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokutshaja elungele ukukunika intloko ebuhlungu.Ngombulelo, akunjalo.Iindawo ezininzi zolawulo zinzima ukuxhasa. umgangatho omnye wokutshaja ngelixa ungabandakanyi uninzi lwabanye, okubangela ukuba uninzi lwezithuthi kunye neetshaja kwindawo enikezelweyo zihambelane.Kakade, iTesla yase-US ihlukile, kodwa nabo banenethiwekhi yabo ezinikeleyo yokutshaja.
Nangona kukho abantu abathile abasebenzisa itshaja engafanelekanga kwindawo engafanelekanga ngexesha elingafanelekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo banokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-adapter apho bafuna khona.Ukuqhubela phambili, ezininzi ii-EV ezintsha ziya kubambelela kuhlobo lweeshaja ezisungulwe kwimimandla yazo yokuthengisa. , esenza ubomi bube lula kumntu wonke.
Ngoku umgangatho wokutshaja jikelele yi-USB-C
.Yonke into kufuneka ihlawulwe kusetyenziswa i-USB-C, akukho ngaphandle.Ndibona iplagi ye-EV eyi-100KW, eyiseti nje ye-1000 ye-USB C iziqhagamshelo ezixinaniswe kwiplagi esebenza ngokunxuseneyo.Ngezinto ezifanelekileyo, unokukwazi ukugcina ubunzima ngaphantsi kwe-50 kg (110 lb) ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa.
Ii-PHEV ezininzi kunye neenqwelo zombane zinamandla okutsala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 pounds, ngoko ungasebenzisa i-trailer ukuthwala umgca wakho we-adapters kunye nabaguquli.I-Peavey Mart nayo ithengisa i-gennys kule veki ukuba kukho ii-GVWR ezingamakhulu ambalwa.
EYurophu, ukuphononongwa kohlobo lwe-1 (i-SAE J1772) kunye ne-CHAdeMO ayihoyi ngokupheleleyo into yokuba i-Nissan LEAF kunye ne-Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, ezimbini zeemoto zombane ezithengiswa kakhulu, zixhotyiswe ngezi ziqhagamshelo.
Ezi ziqhagamshelo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye azihambi.Ngelixa udidi lwe-1 kunye noHlobo lwe-2 luhambelana kwinqanaba lesignali (ukuvumela i-Diachable Type 2 kwi-Type 1 cable), i-CHAdeMO kunye ne-CCS ayikho.I-LEAF ayinayo indlela yokwenene yokutshaja kwi-CCS. .
Ukuba itshaja ekhawulezayo ayisasebenzi i-CHAdeMO, ndingacinga nzulu ngokubuyela kwimoto ye-ICE kuhambo olude kwaye ndigcine iQEPHA lam lisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kuphela.
Ndine-Outlander PHEV.Ndikhe ndasebenzisa i-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza amaxesha ambalwa, ukuyizama nje xa ndinentlawulo yasimahla.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingatshaja ibhetri ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-20, kodwa oko kufanele kunikeze. Uluhlu lwe-EV malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-20.
Uninzi lweetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zinezinga elithe tyaba, ngoko ungahlawula phantse i-100 ityala lakho lombane lesiqhelo kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20, nto leyo engaphezulu kakhulu xa uqhuba ngepetroli wedwa. njengoko ilinganiselwe ku-22 kW.
Ndiyayithanda i-Outlander yam kuba imowudi ye-EV igubungela lonke uhambo lwam lokuhamba, kodwa into yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC iluncedo njengengono yesithathu yendoda.
Isidibanisi se-CHAdeMO kufuneka sihlale sinjalo kuwo onke amagqabi (igqabi?), Kodwa ungazihluphi nge-Outlanders.
I-Tesla iphinda ithengise ii-adapters ezivumela i-Tesla ukuba isebenzise i-J1772 (ngokuqinisekileyo) kunye ne-CHAdeMO (ngokumangalisa ngakumbi). Ekugqibeleni bayeka i-adapter ye-CHAdeMO kwaye bazisa i-adapter ye-CCS ... kodwa kuphela kwizithuthi ezithile, kwiimarike ezithile. ukusuka kwitshaja yohlobo loku-1 lwe-CCS enesokethi ye-Tesla Supercharger yobunini kubonakala ithengiswa kuphela eKorea (!) kwaye isebenza kuphela kwiimoto zamva nje.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
Amandla aseMelika kunye noNissan baye bathi bayayiphelisa i-Chademo ngokuthanda i-CCS.I-Nissan Arya entsha iya kuba yi-CCS, kwaye iLeaf iza kuyeka ngokukhawuleza imveliso.
Ingcali ye-EV yaseDatshi i-Muxsan ifike ne-CCS yokongeza kwi-Nissan LEAF ukuba ithathe indawo ye-AC port.Oku kuvumela Uhlobo lwe-2 AC kunye ne-CCS2 DC ukutshaja ngelixa ligcina i-CHAdeMo port.
Ndiyazi 123, 386 kunye 356 ngaphandle kokujonga. Ewe, eneneni, ndifumene ezimbini zokugqibela zixubene, ngoko ke kufuneka ndijonge.
Ewe, nangakumbi xa ucinga ukuba inxulunyaniswe nomxholo...kodwa kuye kwafuneka ndiyicofe ngokwam kwaye ndiyaqikelela ukuba yiyo, kodwa inani alindiniki lwazi kwaphela.
I-CCS2 / Uhlobo lwe-2 isinxibelelanisi sangena e-US njengomgangatho we-J3068. Imeko yokusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kuyo izithuthi ezinzima, njengoko amandla esigaba se-3 anikezela ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. I-J3068 ichaza i-voltage ephezulu kune-Type2, njengoko inokufikelela kwisigaba se-600V. -ukuya-kwisigaba.Ukutshaja kwe-DC kufana ne-CCS2.I-Voltages kunye nemisinga edlula imigangatho ye-Type2 ifuna iimpawu zedijithali ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi kunye ne-EVSE ikwazi ukumisela ukuhambelana.Kwixesha elikhoyo le-160A, i-J3068 inokufikelela kwi-166kW yamandla e-AC.
“E-US, uTesla usebenzisa owayo umgangatho wezibuko lokutshaja.Inokuxhasa zombini i-AC yenqanaba elinye kunye nenqanaba lesithathu lokutshaja”
Yinqanaba elinye kuphela.Iyi-plug-in ye-J1772 kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-DC okongeziweyo.
I-J1772 (uhlobo lwe-CCS 1) inokuxhasa ngokwenene i-DC, kodwa andizange ndibone nantoni na eyiphumezayo. I-protocol "yesimumu" ye-j1772 inexabiso "Indlela yeDijithali efunekayo" kunye "noHlobo loku-1 DC" lithetha i-DC kwi-L1/L2 izikhonkwane.”Udidi lwe-2 DC” lufuna izikhonkwane ezongezelelweyo zedibansi ye-combo.
Izixhumi ze-Tesla zase-US azixhasi isigaba sesithathu se-AC. Ababhali badibanisa i-US kunye ne-European connectors, le yokugqibela (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-CCS Type 2) yenza.
Kwisihloko esiyeleleneyo: Ngaba iimoto zombane zivumelekile ukuba zibethe endleleni ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu yendlela? Ukuba kunjalo, kutheni? Kucingelwa ukuba (akunakwenzeka kwaphela) i-utopia yendalo esingqongileyo apho ngaphezu kwe-90% yazo zonke iimoto zinombane, iya kuphi irhafu yokugcina indlela uya kuphuma?Ungongeza oko kwiindleko zokubizwa kukawonke-wonke, kodwa abantu banokusebenzisa iiphaneli zesola ekhaya, okanye iijenereyitha zedizili 'zezolimo' (akukho rhafu yendlela).
Yonke into ixhomekeke kulawulo.Ezinye iindawo zihlawulisa kuphela irhafu yamafutha.Ezinye zihlawulisa imali yokubhalisa isithuthi njengentlawulo yamafutha.
Ngaxa lithile, ezinye iindlela ezi ndleko zifunyanwa ngayo ziya kufuneka zitshintshwe. Ndingathanda ukubona inkqubo enobulungisa apho imirhumo isekelwe kwimayile kunye nobunzima besithuthi njengoko oko kumisela ukuba kungakanani ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula okubeka endleleni. .Irhafu yekhabhoni kumafutha inokufaneleka ngakumbi kwibala lokudlala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2022
